Press Freedom of Japan Mongolia and North Korea
In the world today, media is presented in many diverse ways. Through radio, television, magazines, books, newspapers, and the Internet, media is everywhere. Freedom of the press and media does not come as easily for some countries of the world as it does for others such as the United States. Japan, Mongolia, and North Korea are examples of how vastly different press freedom can differ between countries.Japan is a small island chain in Eastern Asia. It is located between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, east of the Korean peninsula. The islands include the Bonin Islands, Daitoshoto, Minami-jima, Okinotori-shima, Ryukyu Islands, and Kazan-retto the volcanic islands. A proportional area of Japans total size could be somewhat smaller than California. Japan is entirely surrounded by water and borders no countries ("Japan Geography" 1996, p.1).The freedom of the press in Japan is considered completely free. Political parties and government organizations do not control the press in Japan, but some unofficial associations between the press and political figures exist (Karlekar & Sussman, 2002, p.34). In 1945, at the end of World War II, the Japanese surrendered to the Americans, and American occupation began.
" Nevertheless, the politicians of Mongolia are not satisfied with media scrutiny, so information about the government is limited to journalists ("Mongolia," 2001, p. Radio and Television control remained in the control by the government at the end of 2001, regardless of government promises ("Mongolia," 2001, p. Foreign journalists are also subject to strict policies. The newspapers have tremendous brand image, ownership of television broadcasters, magazine divisions, Japanese baseball teams, and other media sources (Fujimoto, Kitada, & Scuka, 2001, p. Radio and television are limited to pre-tuned government stations. These are areas where Japan's media has lacked in the past. However, most people cannot afford to buy their own radios, therefore, listening to a controlled broadcasting, called "the third broadcasting," which airs only selected items of news through the loudspeakers connected from the city or county office to each household (Korea News: Press Media, 2001, p. Mongolia has been reforming and changing their press freedom recently. Private broadcast stations in Mongolia are available to a portion of the country but cannot cover the vast range of its landscape. Broadcasting is still controlled by the government and is widely available as a result of satellite and landline relays (D'Angelo, 2001, p. Most are associated with political parties or politically motivated organizations. These newspapers are all characterized by their lack of articles related to daily life and accidents, such as crimes and thefts, articles criticizing the system, and advertisements.
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