The Iraq Crisis
Straddling the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and stretching from the Gulf to the Anti-Taurus Mountains, modern Iraq occupies roughly what was once ancient Mesopotamia, one of the cradles of human civilisation.In the Middle Ages Iraq was the centre of the Islamic Empire, with Baghdad the cultural and political capital of an area extending from Morocco to the Indian subcontinent. Mongol invasions in the 13th century saw its influence wane, and it played a minor role in the region until independence from British control in 1932. Following the overthrow of the monarchy in 1958 and a coup in 1968, Iraq became one of the centres of Arab nationalism under the control of the ruling Ba'th (Renaissance) party. Oil made the country rich, and when Saddam Hussein became president in 1979 petroleum made up 95% of its foreign exchange earnings. But the war with Iran from 1980 to 1988 and the Gulf War in 1991 following Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, together with the subsequent imposition of international sanctions, had a devastating effect on its economy and society. In 1991 the UN said Iraq had been reduced to a pre-industrial state, while later reports described living standards as being at subsistence level.
Iraq denied this and claimed that the U. The Gulf War was prompted by Iraq's attack on Kuwait was because Iraq suspected Kuwait of extracting oil from its reserves. The oil reserves of the three countries from the Middle East, viz. com/),[1] the USA consumes about 895. Recently, the deputy prime minister of Iraq, Tariq Aziz, commented that Iraqs cooperation with UN weapons' inspectors will not stop the US from attacking Iraq because "America . was attempting to subvert their national sovereignty and cripple the country through continued economic sanctions. Calculations show that at this rate of oil production, the oil reserves of the USA will be exhausted in about ten and a half year's time. 5 per cent of global oil consumption. Oil import data of the USA show that it has a diversified source of oil suppliers. and UN responded with threats and occasional bomb and missile attacks. The next day, the full might of the 29-member UN-backed coalition was unleashed.
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