Art Isms

Realism represents figures and objects exactly as they act or appear in life, and is generally restricted to a movement that began in the mid-19th century in reaction to the highly subjective approach of romanticism. Realism is concerned directly with what is absorbed by the senses. American realist paintings include the honest, matter-of-fact portraits by Thomas Eakans, William Sidney Mount. Eakins’ The Gross Clinic combined sharp realism- a depiction of an operation in progress with psychological acuity in the portrayal of the surgeon Doctor Gross is realism at it’s finest.

Impressionism is a movement in painting that originated in France in the 19th century. Impressionist painters were considered radical in their time because they broke many of the rules of picture-making set by earlier generations. They found many of their subjects in life around them rather than in history, which was the accepted source of subject matter. Instead of paintin

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In this painting, pocket watches hang limply from a dead branch, while insects, a tabletop, and a distorted face lie in a barren landscape that leads back to a seashore and cliffs. An example is from French painter Georges Seurat’s Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte .

The futurists, a group of Italian artists working 1909 to 1916 embraced all the glorified technology and mechanization and decried anything that had to do with tradition much like that of the Fauves. Paintings such as Eduard Manets’ Le Dejeuner Sur I’herbe are a clear example of modernism. Post-Impressionists conveyed their personal responses to the world around them through the use of strong, unnatural colors and exaggerations of slight distortion of forms.

In Expressionism artists tried to present an emotional experience in its most compelling forms, through visual, literary, and performing arts. They often painted outdoors, rather than in a studio so they could observe nature more directly and set down its most transistory aspects especially the changing light of sun. The artist strives to express subjective feelings and emotions rather than to depict reality or nature objectively. It achieves an atmosphere of monumental dignity through the balanced arrangement of its’ elements and the contours of its’ figures. Impressionist painters used broken brushstrokes of bright, often unmixed colors. The merging of these conflicting elements suggests an alternative, or sur-reality, as the movements name implies. Picassos’ Les Demoiselles D’Arignon does violence to the human form by means of radical simplifications, arbitrary and harsh color combinations, and extreme distortions of human anatomy and proportions.

In Modernism the period dating from roughly the 1860’s through the 1970’s is described as they style and ideology of art produced during that era concerned primarily with essential qualities of color and flatness and as exhibiting over time a reduction of interest in subject matter. These painters avoided blacks and earth colors, omitting detail to achieve a striking overall effect.

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