Subjects:
Social learning and imitation was proposed by Miller and Dollard but rejected ideas of behaviorism related by association. It was a theory of learning, however, that did not account for new responses or the processes of delayed and non-reinforced imitations. Bandura widened the not yet developed parts of social learning theory in his book Social Learning and Personality Development written in 1963. It was not until the 1970’s, that Bandura discovered there was something missing to the present day learning theories as well as his own social learning theory. The missing link to his theory were self-beliefs. This was identified in his writing “Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.”
Albert Bandura discovered the big debate in dealing with the concept of behaviorism. He felt that it was inadequate for describing complex human functioning and that it is a person’s environment that causes behavior. He argued that the “cause and effect relationship between environmental forces and behavior outcomes are reciprocal, that people’s environments and their behavior simultaneously create and affect each other.” In his publication of Foundations of Thought and Action: A
. . .
BANDURA COMPARED TO OTHER THEORISTS
Motivational Theorists and their Basic Ideas
Name Theory Central element of theory Explanation of motivation
Maslow Humanistic Needs hierarchy Needs satisfaction
Bruner Cognitive Intrinsic processes Mixed motives
Skinner Operant conditioning Reinforcement Schedules of reinforcement
Bandura Social cognitive Imitation Modeling
Structural Components Skinner Bandura Piaget
Internal Principles: -Differential reinforcement-Discriminative stimulus-Shaping -Triadic reciprocality (behavior, cognition, environment) -assimilation, accommodation, equilibration-organization and adaptation
Bridge Principles: -Schedules of reinforcement-Generalization-Chaining -Differential contributions-Temporal dynamics-Fortuitous determinants -Schemes-Operations-Cognitive structures
Change Mechanism: -Reinforcement -Production processes-Motivation processes -Equilibration (of maturation, experience, social transmission)
Theory Behaviorism Neo-behaviorism Cognitivism Constructivism Humanism
Theorists Skinner ThorndikeWatson HebbHullBandura PiagetGagnéBrunerAusubel PiagetPapert RogersMaslowKnowlesVella
OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING IN THE SOCIAL LEARNING ANALYSIS
Attentional Retention Motor reproduction Motivational
processes processes processes processes
-distinctiveness -cognitive organization -physical capabilities -external
-affective valence - symbolic coding -availability of component reinforcment
-complexity - symbolic rehearsal responses -vicarious
-prevalence - motor rehearsal -self observation of reproductions
-functional value -accuracy feedback reinforcement
-observer characteristics -self-
-sensory capacities reinforcement
-arousal level
-perceptual set
-past reinforcement
A Cartoon relating to Bandura and his work on aggression through television. Bandura’s theory is the better version of Miller and Dollard ‘s previous behavioral modeling. When I watch elite swimmers compete in the Olympics it motivates me to swim better.
OUTLINE OF SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
Albert Bandura stresses the importance of observing and modeling the attitudes, behaviors, and emotional reactions of others. First, they influence choice of behavior.
SELF-REGULATION
Bandura’s theory claims that individuals have regulators that show a person can have the potential to change oneself. Retention is based on the capability to make and use symbols. For example, a person that is self-confident will in return take on challenging performances than a person that is doubtful. This helps a person to understand their way of thinking and behavior therefore allowing them to change their thoughts or behavior. They are also referred to as his five human competencies. He added promised reinforcement, the observer and his results from observing, vicariousness, and the motivation from observing a model.
Of course, attention and retention resulting in reproduction are great but there also has to be some motivation behind it. A person can self-evaluate their knowledge and behavior.
QUESTIONS TO SHARPEN YOUR FOCUS
1) In Bandura’s learning through modeling behavior he has four component processes. Bandura wrote, “what people think, believe, and feel affects how they behave.
Essay's Topics
All research is for reference purposes only.