Bases of American Civilization
What were the bases of Civilization in America? (Revised 10/9/01) Migration of the European and Asian Homo sapiens across the tundra land bridge, presently the Bering Strait between Alaska and Siberia, is said to be due from "increasing population pressures"(p. 198), and the pursuit of mammoths, mastodons and other large game. Civilization in America was separate from the classical world of Asia, North Africa and southern Europe, and progressed on it's own, without the help of any previous civilization. The ancient hunters-the first evident humans around 9500 B.C.E.-basis of social organization revol
Mayan gods held importance in society, retaining women rights, and crafts with metallurgy, have been found in Yucatan shrines. The Mayan culture, outputting 50 city-states, triumphed greatly with much pride in their complex calendar and system of sophisticated writing. Rulers exercised civil and religious power; elites-scribes or priests-aided in self-mutilation rituals, human sacrifice and a life risking "ritual ball game". The parallels between cultures-Tairona, Muisca, Mayan, Peruvian-indicate a common ancient origin and interactions over the years. Teotihuacan, the first classic city, contained a large urban center, population of 200,000, residential districts, religious artifacts, and a political empire, which covered parts of Mexico. The seclusion and isolation of these groups have some believing the people of America developed agriculture, domestication of some animals, weaving, ceramics, a number system, religious ideas, complex societies and urbanization. Years later Adena, Hopewell and Mississippian paralleled Mesoamerica. Civilizations flourished, creating political, social and economical organizations, yet compared to the Old World they are hardly comparable and it becomes apparent during future encounters. 205), developed cultural tradition, urbanism, complex religion, the beginning of writing, and so much more, influencing many expanding societies. 203) The Olmecs, "the mother civilization of Mesoamerica" (p. ved around kinship, a basis commonly present in many future groups.
Common topics in this essay:
North Africa,
Mexico Mayan,
Mayan Peruvian-indicate,
Alaska Siberia,
CE Mesoamerican,
Asian Homo,
Hopewell Mississippian,
Civilization America,
America Revised,
civilization america,
,
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