Bertrand Russel
Bertrand Arthur William Russell was born in Trelleck, Wales on May 18, 1872. He was a descendant of a prominent Whig family. His grandfather was the Lord John Russell, who had twice served as Prime Minister under Queen Victoria. Bertrand was orphaned at the age of three and raised by his grandparents. He was educated in private schools and later at Trinity College, Cambridge. He earned degrees in mathematics and philosophy. Eventually he taught at Cambridge.Russell was a philosopher, logician, essayist, noble prize winner and social critic. He is known as one of the founders of analytic philosophy. He is accredited with being one of the most important logicians of the 20th century. His most influential contributions are his beliefs that mathematics is in some important sense reducible to logic and his theory of definite description and logical atomism.He used first-order logic to show how a broad range of denoting phrases could be changed to predicates and quantified variables. He is also remembered for his
In 1949 he was awarded the Order of Merit by King George VI. In 1957, he was a prime organizer of the first Pugwash Conference, an organization made up of scientist concerned about the spread of nuclear war. At the age of 89 he was imprisoned after another anti-nuclear demonstration. " Russell remained a prominent public figure until his death at the age of 97 in 1970. He worked with the British philosopher and mathematician Alfred North Whitehead for eight years to compose a three volume work called Principia Mathematica (1910-1913). He continued his protests and was an active opponent of nuclear weapons. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950 and was named "the champion of humanity and freedom of thought. In the late 1930's he was offered a job as a teacher at City College, New York. He became the founding president of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament in 1958 and was once again imprisoned, this time because of an anti-nuclear protests in 1961. This time he spent six months in prison. After a visit to Russia he expressed his political views against their form of socialism in his book Practice and Theory of Bolshevism. While in prison he wrote Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy (1919). He achieved fame with his first major work, The Principles of Mathematics (1902). Two years later he was convicted a second time.
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