Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar affective disorder has been a mystery since the 16th century. History has shown that this affliction can appear in almost anyone. According to an article on bipolar disorder by, David E. Cohen, Some research suggests that highly creative people such as artists, composers, writers, and poets, show unusually high rates of bipolar disorder, and that periods of mania fuel their creativity. Famous artists and writers who might have suffered from bipolar disorder include poets Lord Byron and Anne Sexton, novelists Virginia Woolf (who did suffer from bipolar disorder) and Ernest Hemingway. (Encarta Encyclopedia) Despite the fact that many people suffer from bipolar disorder, we still wait for clear explanations for the causes as well as the cure. The one fact of which we are painfully aware of is that bipolar disorder severely weakens its' victims ability to obtain and maintain social and occupational success.Manic and Depressive Symptoms of Bipolar DisorderBipolar disorder or manic depression is characterized by many symptoms that can be broken into manic and depressive episodes. The depressive episodes are characterized by intense feelings of sadness, despair, hopelessness, and helplessnes
Episodes of mania and depression usually last from several weeks to several months. Speech is generally rapid and hyperactive behavior sometimes becomes violent when frustrated ((NIMH) (Encarta Encyclopedia)Causes Of Bipolar DisorderThe genes that a person inherits seem to have a strong influence on whether or not the person will develop bipolar disorder. The first one is carbamazepine (Tegretol) and valproate (Depakene). People with bipolar disorder may take lithium during periods of normal mood to delay or prevent later episodes of mania or depression. In a related disorder called cyclothymic disorder, a person's mood alternates between mild depression and mild mania. (NDMDA )(Encarta Encyclopedia)Facts on Bipolar DisorderBipolar disorder affects approximately one percent of the population (approximately two million people) in the United States. Often, overjoyed grandiose characteristics are displayed, and paranoid or irritable characteristics begin to manifest. ECT is usually the recommended treatment for severely manic patients who are homicidal, psychotic, catatonic, severely suicidal, or for those who were unresponsive to drugs. (National Depressive and Manic-Depressive Association). Among genetically identical twins where one twin has bipolar disorder, the other twin has a 50 percent chance of also having the disorder. Many people with bipolar disorder function normally between episodes. Research shows that group participation may help increase lithium compliance, decrease denial regarding the illness, and increase awareness of both external and internal stress factors leading to manic and depressive episodes. Group therapy for patients with bipolar disorders responds to the need for support and reinforcement of medication management, and the need for education and support for the personal difficulties that arise during the course of the disorder.
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