Brown v. The Board of Education
The landmark Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education (1954) settled the question of whether or not blacks and whites can receive an education integrated with or separate from each other. The case overturned the 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson, which established the doctrine of "separate but equal." This doctrine stated that separate public facilities of equal quality do not violate the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution which states that all U.S. citizens have
Once the Brown decision was handed down, the African-American community placed pressure on the legal and political system to bring an end to state-supported segregation in all public facilities through the Civil Rights Movement. The act also provided for a cutoff of federal funds for any program or activity that allowed racial discrimination. The Brown case was the end of government sanctioned segregation in the United States. The Supreme Court was able to change laws concerning segregation but it was unable to change the attitudes of many Americans concerning race relations. Some people condemned the Supreme Court's ruling as interfering with state rights and sought a reversal of the Court's decision but their efforts were futile. That feeling of inferiority interferes with the motivation to learn and deprives blacks of the benefits of an education they would have received in an integregated school. The emergenece of the Civil Rights Movement also saw resistance in the form of race riots and violence. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 also barred discrimination by employers and unions, and established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to enforce fair employment practices. Although school facilities may be equal, segregating one race from another denounces one race as inferior and the other as superior. The Supreme Court ruled unanimously to end racial segregation in public schools. The Court's decision was based on the dehumanizing effects of segregation.
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