China
ˇ It is the essence of why people believe as they do and act as they do and give importance to things as they do. General Characteristics of Chinese culture:1. Tied to highly developed agriculture which confined itself almost exclusively to the plains and valleys -- mountains are scarcely utilized; 2. A complex form of political organization which were the most highly perfected in the history of human societies; 4. Man-nature relationship: harmony with nature. o reject the positive distinction between mind and matter o the idea of order as an organic totality 5. Human nature: Innate goodness of human nature. 6. Past-time orientation: Ancestor worship, strong family tradition 7. Relational orientation: collectivism. Third largest in the world (after Russia and Canada) ˇ The People's Republic of China (PRC) ˇ The Republic of China (ROC, Taiwan)
Mandate of HeavenThis is the belief that Heaven determines a man's destiny. Mutual intelligibility among Mandarin groups, but not among Mandarin and the other dialects. After ruling for seventy years, he relinquished his throne and selected Shun, instead of his own son, to be the next emperor. Ou-yang Hsiu (1007-1072) ˇ Leading literary figure of the Sung dynasty ˇ led attempt to reform prose writing and do away with the parallel prose style of his day which he criticized as artificial and stifling to creativity. Chinese government tried to get rid of characters but failed; 4. The Han population and the area they occupyHan populations in East Asia outside of the People's Republic of China (1986) estimates)Countries/areas PopulationTaiwan 19,400,000Hong Kong 5,600,000Macao 300,000Singapore 1,800,000Thailand 11,000,000Malaysia 6,400,000Indonesia 5,100,000Vietnam 1,500,000Total 51,200,000 Comparative areas of some provinces with a Han majority and the countries of Europe (in square kilometers)Chinese provinces Area European countriesSzechwan 569,000 550,800 France 504,900 SpainHeilungkiang 463,600 449,200 SwedenYunnan 436,200 Kansu 366,000 311,700 Poland 301,100 Italy 244,800 United Kingdom 243,400 RomaniaKwangtung 231,400 The Non-Han minoritiesThere are fifty-five non-Han minorities in China. This reflects a belief that developed in China's antiquity and became a foundation stone of all subsequent political thought - that rulers of China, without themselves being divinities or enjoying a divine right to rule in the traditional Western sense, ruled in hereditary succession as earthly legates of Heaven. Shun He was unusually gifted physically and mentally. Archaeological findingsˇ Paleolithic period: Peking Man (100,000 years ago?) was discovered in 1918 near Zhou Kou Dian in the vicinity of Peking. He instituted marriage and taught people how to devise tools to split wood, kindle fire and cook food. The legend described him as having two pupils in each eye. In Chinese, his name means the Divine Farmer.
Common topics in this essay:
South China,
Yellow Emperor,
Pan Ku,
Characteristics Chinese,
Classical Chinese,
Yellow River,
Han Chinese,
Mandate Heaven,
Lung Shan,
Yang Shao,
dynasty ˇ,
chinese history,
north china,
shih poetry,
han chinese,
mandate heaven,
china proper,
mandate heaven rule,
ming dynasty,
heaven rule,
republic china,
people's republic china,
chou dynasty ˇ,
shih poetry ˇ,
sung dynasty ˇ,
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Acceptance Essays
