Complex Interdependence in the World Today
Joseph Nye raises an interesting theory of modern international relations through his concept of complex interdependence. Nye describes interdependence in an analytical sense, as "situations in which actors or events in different parts of a system affect each other." (Nye 179) Nye continues his definition of interdependence by stating that the results are often varied and although the potential for benefits exist, the potential for tragedy exists as well. Despite this potential for varying results Nye also notes that it is very difficult and very costly for a country to try and cut itself off from the world, such as Myanmar or Albania did. According to Nye interdependence can be divided into four separate dimensions, which are its sources, benefits, costs, and symmetry. These dimensions can originate in both the physical and social aspects of society. The idea of economic interdependence is an idea that cannot be disputed as a reality in this modern world. Economic interdependence is a concept that gained great popularity prior to World War I, and then again very slowly after America's isolationist period post-World War II. According to Nye, "economic interdependence invo
The UN also plays a key role in the creation of international laws, laws that transcend nation's boarders, in an attempt to increase the level of cooperative security in the world. Therefore, complex interdependence should not be looked as simply a notch in a spectrum, but instead as an evolutionary advancement in society that has grown out and beyond realism. Assumptions such as military power and security are not the only goals of individual nations, or that more than just those nations may influence or shape the international arena. " (163) Nye also points out numerous events in which the UN's role was beneficial!, such as in El Salvador, Namibia, and Nicaragua. These countries have suffered devastating effects from economic interdependence, not only economically, but also developmentally in every aspect of life. This ability of the US, China, Russia, France, and the United Kingdom at the very least allows those countries to keep the reach of those international laws from interfering with their best interests. However, through the use of international organizations quite often rules are created for international transactions, designed to promote fair and equal trades. In fact the goals for some nations are exactly as realism states, to achieve military security and to ensure that security. Yet despite the inability to acknowledge that those non-state actors don't exist and don't play active roles in a system of complex interdependence, one could argue that they don't play a large enough role to truly affect the realm of international relations, with some people citing September 11th as evidence. Laws to protect against acts of aggression, acts that threaten peace, acts that violate certain basic human rights. With the example being the UN's failure to enforce international laws against Israel, because of its close alliance with the US, and their unique ability to veto resolutions with one vote. This can most obviously be seen today in the international relations of America with most Western European nations, such as England, the Netherlands, Germany, and even France. Corporations create job opportunities, advancement in technology, increases in GDP per capita; but they also create more pollution, more greed, and larger income distribution gaps. This cooperation is embodied in the form of international organizations and the policies those organizations pursue.
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