Ericson - Freud
Describe the developmental process and problems that might arise in 1 of the first 3 developmental stages (ericson / freud) and how these might affect the counselling relationshipFreud developed a frame work for understanding the process of human development and broke down the various stages of childhood development into The Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency & Adolescence. This essay focuses on the second stage of development The Anal stage. I will describe how various factors within this period may affect development in later life and in conclusion how this might affect the counselling relationship.The Process of the Anal Stage of DevelopmentPerhaps the biggest influencing factor in a person's life is their childhood. An adult has the capability to make conscious decisions and develop attitudes to life where as a developing child's world is dominated by parents or significant primary care figures e.g " Mother is the name for God on the lips and hearts of small children" (Brandon Lee, Film: The Crow 1995) A child has no experience of life to base their beliefs on - no way of understanding weather they are experiencing a positive or negative influence. To a child their world simply is what it is.
Anal Characters may exhibit a need to follow the "rules" which they feel (and may demand) a counsellor will impose on them. Sometimes children may misinterpret or misunderstand what is being said to them without parents being aware of it. Should a person become fixated, or locked, in the anal stage, s/he may develop what has been termed an anal character. Breaks or disturbances to the therapeutic relationship (i. What might be encouraged at one time e. 3Children have to work hard to understand what is expected of them, of how things work and what is involved in being in a relationship with others. g feeding themselves ("clever girl") may be discouraged at another ("too messy. 1It is at this stage that the child begins acquire attitudes towards itself and others in respect of doing, making & acting which will be reinforced within the family in later childhood, adolescence, supported or challenged at school and become the basis for which learning, work and relationships with authority are faced and worked with in adult life. The first or oral stage of development is very much about "being" where as the anal stage is much more about doing. It is a period of immense change when a child moves from being completely helpless to gaining coordination & control over muscles, independent movement, more refined communication skills and a widening of the child's world towards independence & autonomy. Everyone can live with a few weeds in the garden - but if the weeds are many and fertile then they can start to block out the sunlight and the growth of the flowers may be stunted. They may experience following their impulses as dangerous and demand rules as guides to action. A child measures its idea or belief about its self from the external reactions of others. They may continually seek opportunity to exercise their own wishes and this can lead to a battle of wills.
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