St. Augustine, (d.430) a first century theologian and philosopher, articulated the ‘Just War Theory’ initially to justify a Christian war, one perceived to defend and maintain peace and order. Opponents, typically pacifists, believe there is never a just means for war under any circumstance either on moral or religious grounds. While war at one level appears antithetical to Judeo Christian thought that man shall not kill, man also has a duty to preserve life and possesses the right to self defense which may involve the taking of other lives to preserve one’s own and those of one’s society and culture. With the intention of self preservation citizens and their governments must do all they can to avoid war but lawful self-defense must always be an option to wage war under moral parameters or The Just War Theory. American intervention in World War II was justified for many moral, emotional and practical reasons but can also be justified under Augustine’s Just War Theory, which states many concepts we consider basic.
The Just War Theory can be summarized by the following six elements (Saunders):
. . .
Increased fuel production made it possible to produce 80 million liters of aviation fuels, which increased the speed of Allied bombers. He understood their view and respected the people and therefore had to prove to the his people that unlike World War I, US involvement in this war was necessary and isolation would lead to a greater threat, “[it would take time to] make people realize that war will be a greater danger to us if we close all doors and windows then if we go out in the street and use our influence to curb the riot. In a concentration camp there was little hope of goodness in others but the American troops who freed the victims proved otherwise. The united country understood the costs they would pay and intended to do everything in their power to defeat the Axis in the name of freedom. To fight a war without that hope would be immoral and unjust for all the nation’s citizens. The trickier military decisions remain in front of us in places like Iraq, Sudan, North Korea, Iran and other hot beds of terror and chaos. ” (CP 88) The increased production in America provided not only for its people but also for the allies in their war efforts. History also shows that “proportionality” or the good outweighing the bad and “probability of success” were also clearly in our favor or intellectually unavoidable. The fourth principle of the Just War Theory, calls for a reasonable hope for success. claration of Independence states, “All human beings are created equal and are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights. The American objectives upon entering World War II involved the vindication of the principles of peace and justice. The preservation of our way of life and that of the civilized world hung in the balance.
Roosevelt’s frequently conducted ‘fireside chats’ (radio addresses to Americans) could in retrospect be viewed as ongoing efforts to allay concerns or act as confirmation of all six issues of Augustine’s theory. ” When Pearl Harbor was bombed war was finally justified in the eyes of the American people due to the aggressors and their authority had been upright and respectable with respect to the public’s concerns.
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