The chosen articles by Manfredo and Vaske explain three basic concepts dealing with application in the human dimensions of natural resource research. The three concepts described here are those of attitude, values, and norms in society. There as well subsets of each which explain the research done that can provide data to each concept. Several groups with interests in the topic such as the HDNR are mentioned to provide an understanding of who is conducting and sharing the knowledge of each concepts research information. The main idea being shared by Manfredo and Vakse is to distinguish between each concepts differences and similarities, and how they can be joined together to either hurt or improve the environment.
             The HDNR helped bring these topics to the forefront of there field. The two main topics in this section of the article being attitudes and values. Attitudes are said to have a particular importance because of their ability to predict behavior. This is stated in two different parts, the first being that if attitudes are known then behavioral prediction is possible in such things like voting. The second point highlighted here is the possibility of changing the attitude and reversing the behavior. With attitudes being one topic that is heavily studied in HDNR, it also becomes a starting point or foundation for many other concepts in this field including the topic of values. Vaske states that attitudes play a part in recreation conflict which can lead to a negative evaluation of others as well effect an individuals "goal attainment." The term crowding is used to express a negative evaluation of a certain density or number of encounters. These views are shaped overall by attitudes. The focus of attitude research are then categorized into two subgroups. These two groups are descriptive and conceptual research. These are also stated to be like the policy versus theoretical techniques of research. Descriptiv...