models of memory
The multi-store model of memory takes an information-processing approach to the study of memory, and is usually associated with the work of Atkinson and Shiffin. The model assumes that the human memory is an information processor that first has incoming information inputted into it, which is then processed and stored so that it can be outputted or retrieved at a later date. This three-step guide is the basis of the model. The model also states that there are a number of separate stores in memory, the sensory buffer store, the short-term memory store and the long-term memory store. Information moves through the different stores in a linear way, (only forward, not backward,) and thus it is described as a linear model of memory. The stores differ in the form of capacity, duration information can be held and the type of coding it is stored in. As information from the external world enters the store, it automatically passes into the sensory buffer store, and if attention is paid to this, it will continue into the short-term store where it can last for up to 30 seconds. If not, the information will be discarded and lost. But, if the information is rehearsed it will be recoded and transferred into the long-term memo
As we can sometimes recall un-rehearsed things, such as smells, this shows inconsistency with the model. If the multi-store model is be supported, it would suggest that this isn't possible, as it says that information only passes in a straight line. ) This supports the model, as it agrees with what the model says. Evidence presented by Baddeley shows that participants in an experiment can remember things which have been learnt at the same time, (he asked them to learn lists of digits at the same time as completing a verbal reasoning task. For this to happen information must be able to pass back from the long-term memory store into the short-term memory store. However, the working memory model states that the short-term memory store has at least three different parts from which information can pass into and out of the long-term memory store. The working model of memory developed by Baddeley and Hitch suggests that the multi-store model is too reductionist and cannot explain the ability to perform dual tasks which the working model can. Case studies of people suffering brain damage induced memory loss show two types of amnesia, anterograde and retrograde amnesia. This would support the multi-store model as the rehearsed words at the beginning would have been passed into the long-term store and the last words would still be in the short-term memory store as it has a duration of thirty seconds. Thu multi-store model of memory is supported by studies from Jacobs, Peterson + Peterson, Baddeley and Bahrick which all suggest that there is a difference between short-term memory and long-term memory in terms of capacity, duration and coding. However, it also says that the sensory buffer can only hold one piece of information, which has been shown to be false in experiments performed by Baddeley which discredit's that part of the multi-store model. It has also been proven that there is a limited capacity and duration of short-term memory, (the capacity is 7 items and duration is 30 seconds. Information that is un-rehearsed would be quickly lost from long-term memory, but can be retrieved from the long-term memory store via the short-term memory store, although retrieval cues may be needed to do this.
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Acceptance Essays
