Aristotle
Aristotle was the greatest and most influential of all Greek philosophers, he was born at the town of Stageira in the year of 384 B.C. His farther, Nicomachus, was the friend and physician of Amynats II, king of Macedonia, father of Phillip and grandfather of Alexander the Great. Aristotle's education seems to have been directed toward the same profession, but it would appear that he early abandoned this intention, and aspired to that cultivation of universal knowledge for its own sake, in which he obtained a distinction without parallel in the history of the human race. In his 18th year he left Stageira for Athens, then the intellectual center of Greece and of the civilized world. Here he became the pupil of Plato, but soon made his master aware of the remarkable penetration and reach of his intellect, for we are told that Plato spoke of Aristotle as the " Intellect of the School." He remained at Athens for twenty years, during which only facts recorded, in addition to his studying with Plato, are, that he set up a class in rhetoric, and that in so doing, he became the rival of the celebrated orator and rhetorical reader, Isocrates. Upon the death of Aristotle's teacher Plato (347 B. C.,) Aristotle left Athens and went t
,) by Phillip to Macedonia, to educate his son Alexander. Once the constitution is in place, the politician needs to take the appropriate measures to maintain it, to introduce reforms when he finds them necessary, and to prevent developments which might subvert the political system. Although their relative reputations often varied widely, the philosophies of Plato and Aristotle continued to exert a powerful influence throughout the following centuries. The existence of the city-state also requires an efficient cause, namely, its ruler. Hence, the constitution is also "the way of life" of the citizens. Aristotle, unlike his teacher, supposed that the extravagant representation of powerful emotions is beneficial to the individual citizen, providing an opportunity for the cathartic release of unhealthy feelings rather than encouraging their development. Political science studies the tasks of the politician or statesman, in much the way that medical science concerns the work of the physician. o the Mysian town of Atarneus, and thence to Mitylene. Tragedy in particular arouses our fear and pity, as we recognize the inherent flaw of the tragic hero.
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