Art History
ART: Sixteenth Century, High Renaissance In the Sixteenth century, mainly in Italy, there was much change, in religion. The dissatisfaction with the leadership and policies of the Roman Catholic Church led to the Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther and John Calvin led the Holy Roman Empire at this time. Some Catholics were worried about the sale of indulgences, nepotism, and high Church officials pursuing personal wealth. Because of this movement, the establishment of Protestantism came about. The Protestants believed the only true religious relationship was the one between people and God, which went away with the need for Church intercession central to Catholicism. In response to all of this, the Catholic Church had a campaign to counteract the moving of its members to Protestantism. From 1545-1536, the Council of Trent, was a major component of this. The Council was composed of cardinals, archbishops, bishops, abbots, and theologians, and it dealt with issues of Church doctrine, which included many the Protestants contested. The Jesuits was another important facet of the Counter-Reformation. The Catholic Church was determined to win back adherents which also led to institute more extreme measures, such as the founding of
He was a very ambitious man, and was the spiritual leader of Christendom. Mannerist art focuses on elegance and beauty, but not directly from nature. The body of Mannerist architecture they have compiled since then, is from homogeneous. He designed the new Saint Peter's basilica, the construction of his tomb, the painting of the Sistine Chapel ceiling, and the decoration of the papal apartments. Another person whose interests and activities affected the High Renaissance was Pope Julius II. For help of the design of the palazzo, he selected Antonio da Sangallo the younger, who was his favorite architect of Pope Paul III. When he was still Cardinal Farnese, the major project he commissioned was the construction of the Palazzo Farnese in Rome. Many major commissions came from the Church, and many popes initiated some art programs. His sketches mainly consisted of botany, geology, geography, cartography, zoology, military engineering, animal lore, anatomy, and aspects of physical science, including hydraulics and mechanics. It is difficult to identify specific dates for Mannerism. The painters, sculptors, and architects came into their own, and claimed for their work a high position among the fine arts. The High Renaissance artists created works that people later relied on for instruction. They displayed a preference for imbalanced compositions and being complex, both visual and conceptual. In his time, he was very well known as an architect and sculptor, even though no actual buildings or sculptures can be attributed to him.
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Acceptance Essays
