Explain the theory of utilitarianism distinguishing between act and rule forms
             Utilitarianism is the most famous teleological theory in the study of ethics as it is morality being judged purely on consequences. Utilitarianism was devised by Jeremy Bentham and is also known as the utility principle. This is the rightness or wrongness of an action being determined by its utility or usefulness. Usefulness in this context means how much pleasure or happiness its causes. So therefore an action is seen as morally right or wrong completely on whether its consequences create the most amount of pleasure for the greatest number of people. Utilitarianism therefore maintains that an action is right if it creates the greatest good (or pleasure) for the majority.
             Bentham also devised the hedonic calculus as a system as a system to measure how much pleasure an action causes. It takes seven elements of the action into consideration; intensity, duration, certainty, propinquity, fecundity (further pleasure after the consequence of the action) purity and extent. However Bentham only tried to establish how much pleasure could be gained by particular actions and he didn't ever consider some pleasure to be higher than another. For this reason, Betham's theories were challenged because it was perceived as morality based only on selfish pleasures or "pleasures of the masses" rather than finer pleasures such as fine art. Because of this, other philosophers such as J.S Mill produced a more refined version of Utilitarianism, aiding the development of Utilitarianism into both act and rule form.
             Act Utilitarianism is based completely on the consequences that an action creates rather than moral rules that decide whether an action is wrong or right. Under act Utilitarianism an action is morally right if it causes the most amount of pleasure for the greatest number, regardless of whether the original action would be seen as "universall...