United Nations' Approach to En
For virtually all of history, ethnic divides have been a major source of conflict among the world's peoples. Whether it's slavery, ethnic isolationism, religious dogma, or egocentric bigotry, people have an historically innate distaste for the different. One of the many challenges in effecting peace in the face of ethnic conflict is that there are often several causes for mutual hatred rooted deep within quarrelling cultures. These causes are generally factors of social cleavages, or, the "divisions in a society that arise from differences in demographic and socioeconomic attributes" (Emizet). These attributes include gender, religion, place of residence, occupation, education, income, class, and institutional affiliation (Emizet). Basically, people are different, and this causes tension. Regardless of the individual motives for such discord within a state, social cleavages (in relation to ethnic conflict) can generally be construed as differences in societal values held by clashing ethnic groups. Certain values are shared by particular pockets of society, and these very firm and divergent standards
This variance in values can explain virtually all international and ethnic struggles. Each of these options, however, is prone to failure (Mingst, p. However, Cultural Relativism argues that "rights are culturally determined," that is, different-but legitimate-human rights are relevant in "different cultural settings" (Mingst, p. Monitoring, Promoting, and Enforcing Human RightsOne problem with the United Nations' efforts to achieve peace in the face of ethnic conflict lies largely in the fact that its peacemaking and peacekeeping activities require that offending parties willingly comply with UN directives. There is no single set of "universal" rights, just as there is no specific "universal" culture. These methods are confined to four main areas of practice: the endorsement of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the monitoring of state behavior and endorsement of human rights, the promotion of UN-mandated human rights standards, and the enforcement of UN directives and world-wide adherence to the UDHR (Mingst, p. However, because "universal" rights do not exist, complete world peace and eradication of large-scale ethnic conflict is too impractical and complex to achieve in any stable form. Overall, United Nations policies for conflict resolution need revision to ensure future success in resolving ethnic conflicts. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is just one of a number of fruitless tactics employed by the UN to mollify volatile ethnic crises.
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Acceptance Essays
