India
India, the largest democracy, the second most populous country, islocated at 20 N and 77 E. India is bounded by Pakistan to north-west, Nepaland China to the north-east, Arabian sea to the south-east and Bay of Bengal tothe south-west. The capital of India is New Delhi, a sprawling city with 11million people. Indian history can be traced back over some 5,000 years. Manydynasties like Gupta, Mogul, and Sultans ruled India over centuries. The historyof British India begins in 1600, with the setting up of the East India Company.Gradually they became the rulers and ruled India until it became independent in1947 under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi. After independence India waspartitioned to create Pakistan, a Muslim state.According to Indian constitution, India is a "sovereign, socialist, secular,republic". The central government is patterned after the British parliamentarysystem. The government has three branches, executive, legislative, judiciary.The president is the head of the state and his duties are largely ce
Hinduism is the dominant faith, practiced by over 80% of thepopulation. The coalitionreflects the ongoing transition in Indian politics away from the historicallydominant and national-based Congress Party toward smaller, narrower-basedregional parties. Common practices have creptinto most religious faiths in India and many of the festivals that mark eachyear with music, dance and feasting are shared by all communities. The Council of states consists of 250 membersand theHouse of People is composed of 550 members. India exports 4 billion inagricultural products, engineering goods, precious stones, cotton apparel andfabrics, handicrafts, and tea. India imports 2 billion in petroleum, machineryand transport equipment, edible oils, fertilizer, jewelry, iron, and steel. Underneath this diversity lies the continuity of Indian civilizationand social structure from the very earliest times until the present day. Each has itsown pilgrimage sites, heroes, legends and even culinary specialties, mingling indiversity that is the very pulse of society. The Bharatiya Janata Party emerged as the single-largest party in the Lok Sabha(lower house of Parliament) elections in September 1999. The Congress Party, led bySonia Gandhi, holds the second-largest number of seats in the Lok Sabha. In fact India has the second largestpopulation of Muslims in the world after Indonesia. The United States encouraged India to sign theComprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty immediately and without condition. President Clinton imposed wide ranging sanctions pursuant to the 1994 NuclearProliferation Prevention Act. India's industry is based on textiles, jute, processed food,steel, machinery, transport equipment, cement, aluminum, fertilizers, mining,petroleum, chemicals, and computer software. India's bicameral parliament consists of the Councilof States, Rajya Sabha, and the House of the People, Lok Sabha.
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