Comparing Societies 1500 1800
During the period from 1500 to 1800, religious and political unity was strongest in Islamic Empires and East Asia; while Europe was in complete turmoil with no religious and political unity.The Catholic Church during this time had become a very corrupt institution, and there was hardly any town in Europe during the late Middle Ages which did not have complaints against their clergy. There were complaints of maladministration, concubinage, or fiscalism of clergy, and the church was involved in selling of important ecclesiastical posts to the highest bidder and imposing regular indulgences on people, not only to remit their sins, but, the sins of their dead ones. All these factors accumulated to lay the foundation for the Protestant Reformation, which was to leave Europe in a political and religious turmoil for over three centuries. (Craig, Pg. 424 - 426)Although Martin Luther was the first one to start Reformation in Germany, almost all different nations had their own versions of Reformation, which were not related to each other. For example, the Reformation in Geneva was led by John Calvin, while the Swiss Reformation was led by Ulrich Zwingli. Although all the Reformation Movements had the basic idea of returning to early Chr
There was immense religious toleration shown by the emperor (Craig, Pg 613). The Shi'ite ulama's increasing power became one of the main reasons for the decline of the Safavid Empire. In the In the Ottoman Empire, the emperor was the Abbasid heir and Caliph for all Muslims. In the Safavid Shi'ite Empire, the Turkish spiritual leaders became the focus of the Shi'ite religious allegiance by establishing a novel and radical Shi'ite ideology. 432)One major impact of the success of this movement was political instability it created in different European states. The non-Muslims actually were trained to serve in the army and also in the bureaucracy at higher levels (Craig, Pg 607). In comparison to Europe, where the religious philosophies were least implicated, both religious and political doctrines were reshaped. Their system was "close" which was impervious to external influences (Craig, Pg 551). The ulama, a group of elected scholars, were responsible for having established a strong basis for religious & social order. Isma'il was accepted as the religious and political head of state. This was evident from The Marburg Colloquy, when Landgrave Philip of Hesse, sought to unite both Swiss and German Protestants in a mutual defense pact. During his supremacy, a central rule integrated traditional Iranian lands for the first time since the golden days of the Ottoman Empire (Craig, Pg 610). Buddhism and Confucianism were the important religions.
Common topics in this essay:
Craig Pg,
Muslims Hindus,
Middle Ages,
Saint Bartholomew's,
Empire Turkish,
IX Fearing,
Catholic Church,
Caliph Muslims,
Qanun Sultan,
China Korea,
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religious political,
ottoman empire,
islamic empires,
queen mother,
catholic church,
empire craig pg,
conflicts hand,
east asian,
reformation movements,
hand europe,
religious political unity,
conflicts hand islamic,
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Acceptance Essays
