Communications
Oral, Visual, and Non-Verbal CommunicationCommunication is some times classified as human, animal or machine communication. Communication consists of expressing ideas or transmitting information from one individual or group to another individual or group. People communicate in many different ways, according to their age, cultural background, language and other individual particularities. The speech is still probably the most common way of communication in the present. "All human beings normally speak at least one language and it is hard to imagine much significant social, intellectual, or artistic taking place in its absence." Visual communication - such as television, pictures and paintings - written letters and books are also widely used as ways for people to communicate. Likewise, music, dance and almost every contemporary art can be classified as a kind of communication. In addition, as a result of the huge advances in technology in the last ten years, there are many new kinds of communication and human interaction technology widely.It's a fact of life that we all consider ourself to be good communicators. After all, by the time we start work we've been at it for at least sixteen years, and we manage to get what we wan
What, then, are the principal skills of effective speaking and listening? Any message pass through six stages, from sender to receiver, from being conceived, encode and relayed, to be decode, comprehended and acknowledged. It is important to note that no two people will attribute the exact same meaning to the same words. In a work setting, the following suggests a number of sources of noise. Of course, being human, everyone is bound to make occasionally mistakes, what is important is to learn from them by studying how to use the spoken word tactfully and effectively. Or do we? Part of our self-esteem, that image of ourselves which acts as a kind of defence-mechanism in the face of the bruisings of this world, requires that we see ourselves as straight-talking, level-headed, able, honest, and above all, effectively communicators. There are a wide number of sources of noise or interference that can enter into the communication process. This can occur when people now each other very well and should understand the sources of error. In the above example, the Boss uses language that is likely to convey far more than objective information. Sometimes the breakdown is allowed to become so serious that the gap becomes a chasm-relatives in families ceasing to speak yo one another, managements and trade unions refusing to meet and government recalling ambasadors when relations between states reach a low ebb. Meaning has to be given to words and many factors affect how an individual will attribute meaning to particular words. Note that the same words will be interpreted different by each different person. The way in which the spoken word is transmitted and understood may be affected by a wide range of factors - expression, gesture, intonation, choice of words, the back ground to the situation, and the relationship of sender to receiver and so on. Defensiveness, distorted perceptions, guilt, project, transference, distortions from the past misreading of body language, tone and other non-verbal forms of communication, noisy transmission (unreliable messages, inconsistency). The choice of words or language in which a sender encodes a message will influence the quality of communication.
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