physical journeys

             The journeys of Christopher Columbus have enhanced my understanding of the concept of journeys evident in the Smithsonian's exhibition of Journeys over Land and Sea. Christopher Columbus (1451 –May 20, 1506) was an explorer and trader, who crossed the Atlantic Ocean and reached the Americas in 1492. Columbus is often credited as the Discoverer of the Americas, because of his role in making 15th century Europe aware of their existence.
             In order to undertake journeys funds must be available to finanace the expedition. Columbus first presented his plan to the court of Portugal in 1485 but his request was denied. After several years of lobbying at the Spanish court he was finally successful in 1492.
             Columbus's dicovery of the Americas and exotic plants such as tabacco and pineapple brought him fame and admiration for his courage. Word of his discovery of new lands rapidly spread throughout Europe. He was received as a hero in Spain. On the 400th anniversary of his first arrival in the Americas. Monuments to Columbus were erected throughout the United States and Latin America, extolling him as a hero. Columbus, like many of history's other great explorers were regarded as heros and objects from their journeys are put into exhibitions in museums such as the Smithsonian museum for future generations to see.
             However thses explorers were seen by some members of the public as villans. It was not until the 1960s that Columbus increasingly became seen in the U.S. as an example of what was and is wrong with European imperialism. Some argue that the policies Columbus enacted as viceroy and governor of Spanish-occupied territories in the Americas between 1493 and 1500 meet the modern legal definition of genocide.
             Early exploerers also used celestial navigation as can be seen in the image of the man between the m...

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