- Like the Armenians, Jews had to overcome social, economic, political, cultural spheres
- they did not suffer a massacre but anti-Semitic reaction to undo their emancipation and social mobilization
- anti-Semitism took form in a political party and failed before WW1
- 1912 on the eve of WW1, they seemed to have been a passing phase
- What was the connection between Jewish status, social mobilization, and anti Semitism in Europe and Imperial Germany?
- Why did the anti-Semitic movement fail in its political goals in Imperial Germany?
- What are the lessons learned of its failure for the later success of the Nazis and implementation of the Holocaust?
- Anti-Judaism refers to the religious antagonism, Aversus Judaeos, back from the earliest test of the Christian Church's attempt to supplement Judaism as a popular religion and to appropriate its holy texts including Hebrew Scriptures.
- Denouncing Judaism as a spent religion that had been superceded by Christianity and Jews as the wicked killers of Jesus.
- Christian always said that the Jews could be saved by converting
- By the middle ages, the Jews were demonized and given a Pariah status in Europe
- Later emancipation and equal rights were received but the Pariah status clung to them
- Industrial and French revolution and effects of capitalism and the modern state, Ant Semitism became a new and qualitatively different addition to Europe's History of antagonism to the Jews
- Argued that the Jews were a different race and non-European
- Imperial Germany was also against liberals, socialists, and communists.
- Those who hated the Jews began to hate the modern world for it allowed the Jews to advance
- More rapid social mobilization, acculturation, and assimilation, the weaker the liberals and socialists became
- Similar to the Armenians, also a minority to small to that had started out being despised on religious grounds, feared for its pr...