literary criticism
It is quite fascinating how one single piece of literature can adopt numerous morals, meanings and hidden messages depending on how it is analyzed. It is then left up to the reader to extract what he or she believes to be correct. This is precisely where literary criticism enters the picture along with a great deal of controversy. Each separate approach to literary criticism is unique and individual. Examining three of the approaches that are each effective in their own way, one clearly stands out in efficacy. While the Freudian approach analyzes works with great depth and scrutiny, the mythological approach effectively relates literature to history with the use of archetypes. Lastly, the reader-response approach gives the reader himself freedom for open analysis. Without a reader, literature would cease to possess meaning at all. It is what the reader gains and learns from a piece of literature that is essential. Reader-response criticism is most effective merely because it bestows power upon the reader himself to discover a meaning that will possess validity in his eyes. The Freudian approach is an excellent tool for reading in between the lines of any piece of literature. It provides the reader with an in depth and detailed
Mythological criticism is based on reoccurring history. It boldly pronounces that without a reader, text has no meaning. This form of criticism probes back into various cultures, searching for myths or fables with similar morals and meanings to the given work. Also, it is quite true that a reader's experience governs the effects the text produces on them. Historically, such a method is ideal; generally, it is impractical. It allows for the incorporation of all approaches, and is therefore an open-minded approach itself. This statement bears sufficient truth in the sense that literature is meant for the intellectual development of the reader. However subjective and relative this approach may be, it does indeed entail much wisdom. Also, Freudian criticism is often over analytical in the sense that it will extract absurd and unintentional meanings. Sigmund Freud divides our mind into three psychic zones; the ID, the ego and the superego. Psychological criticism on its own is associated with Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytical theories as black is associated with white. According to Wolfgang Iser, a German critic, the critic should not explain the text as an object, but rather as its effect on the reader. And finally, the superego acts as a regulating agent for moral censoring. Its main philosophy can be easily summarized by declaring, "Without a reader, there is no text".
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Acceptance Essays
