Graduation
Key Terms and what have you for Ch. 15 State and Local Gov.* Democratic Rationale for public ed. Being universal free and compulsory- If people are going to have universal suffrage then they must be educated to do so* Two Ex. of early of USA commitment public ed.- Northwest Ordinance of 1787- gave land grants to for public schools in new territories. 1647- Massachusetts colony required public ed. out of public funds* Ex. of what we expect now - Schools are expected to resolve racial conflict, build an integrated society, improve image of minorities, inspire patriotism and school pride, and provide recreational activities.* Short run effect of public expenditures (including those for ed.) on economic growth rates among states - funding of ed. has been known to stimulate the economy (ed. and infrastructure are the top stimuli of economy)* Inputs- measure of resources expended on ed.* Outputs - measure of what pupils are learning* Grad. Rates Top- New Hampshire Low- LA Texas- below avg Best Educated state- Colorado Worst - W. Virginia Texas- avg
Pros- parents tend to get a better satisfaction out there children's ed. lies in the states* Governing of Schools w/in the state - 14,500 local districts governed by 85,000 school board members (usually elected) State laws determine what the districts can do; state commissioners of ed, state department, school district consolidation, and state financial control also take part in the governing of public schools* Professionalism vs. financial aid; if schools do not make yearly progress in three years of testing then the district must provide public school choice for its students. Drop out rates are declining* Many believe performance testing is culturally biased and not relevant* SAT scores were on the decline, however the amount of people who take the test is rising. members rather offices of districts. Magnet School- schools emphasizing instruction in particular areas in an effort to improve quality and attract students Pros- good alternative Cons- Charter Schools- schools operated w/ public funds by private community groups under a charter from public school districts. Democracy - there is always some disagreement amongst parents and professional school board members; professionalist believe that there should be no politics in school decisions* Representative School Boards - not usually reflective of their constituents; usually white, middle aged males,* Per Pupil Spending - New Jersey - first; Utah - last; Texas - below avg, 34. * Performance Testing - causes teacher to coach students on how to pass these tests rather than teach skills that are necessary to have after graduation; minority groups believe the tests are racially biased and minorities have scored much lower than whites and have been denied graduation and promotion b/c of the tests* Nat'l Standards and Testing - public school must test students frequently to receive govt. Pros- Gives flexibility to people closest to student Cons- often end in conflict, and takes away time from teaching etc. many opposing groups got together in an expensive campaing to stop vouchers. Since 1980 - Federal spending % has gone down Sate spending % has stayed somewhat consistent Local spending % has stayed somewhat consistent Funds from other sources have increased* Because of inequalities b/t communities many schools do not get the same funding and thus are not equal at all . Cons- hard to hold them accountable* School Vouchers- vouchers given to parents to pick what school they want their children to go to (public or private) Pros- Parental choice would promote competition; state funds would go to schools that are able to attract more students; help inner city students Cons- threatens the viability of schools that are perceived as inferior; it will split schools into the popular ones w/ the best students and the crappy one w/ the task of educating students whose parents are unaware/uninterested their children's education * 1993 Citizen Initiative (California) - Citizens got shot down when they tried to get Vouchers in their state. * REINVENTING EDUCATION School Based Management - decentralized decision making in individual schools By principals, teachers, and comm. Scores have risen again since 1982- attributed to teaching more basic verbal and math skills* Conclusion of Coleman - student performance isn't better with more spending, rather is quality home and school environment, disciplined classrooms, monitoring student progress etc.
Common topics in this essay:
Northwest Ordinance,
Governing Schools,
Pros- Parental,
Virginia Texas-,
Percentage Funds,
Performance Testing,
Charter Schools-,
Standards Testing,
Based Management,
Conclusion Coleman,
spending %,
public school,
public ed,
% stayed somewhat,
public funds,
public schools,
below avg,
performance testing,
vouchers *,
stayed somewhat,
spending % stayed,
stayed somewhat consistent,
somewhat consistent,
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Acceptance Essays
