Psychological Disorders
Anxiety- Anxiety is a generalized feeling of fear and apprehension that may be related to a particular situation or object and is often accompanied by increased physiological arousal. Karen Horney described anxiety as the central factor in both normal and abnormal behavior. She considered it a motivating force, a signal of distress, and it underlies many forms of maladjustments. She believed maladjustment occurred when too many defenses against anxiety pervade the personality. However, Freud thought of anxiety as the result of constant conflict among the id, ego, and superego, which were forms of behavior associated with anxiety neurotic. There are a wide range of symptoms of anxiety, such as fear, apprehension, inattention, heart palpitations, respiratory distress, and dizziness. Free floating anxiety is used to describe persistent anxiety not clearly related to any specific object or situation and accompanied by a sense of impending doom, but is not part of current terminology. Feelings of not being able to control a situation are common to both children's and adult's anxiety. There are different types of anxiety disorders that appear in the DSM, The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Menta
Those with narcissistic personality disorder have an extremely exaggerated sense of self-importance, expect favors, and need constant admiration and attention. People with the paranoid type may seem normal, but their thought processes are characterized by hallucinations and delusions of persecution, grandeur, or both. People with this may have periods of giggling, crying, or irritability for no apparent reason. The opposite of learned helplessness is learned optimism, which is a sense that the world has positive outcomes, which leads people to see happy things in their lives. There are six specific personality disorders: paranoid, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, and dependent. Violence toward children has the greatest potential harm, especially child abuse, which is the physical, emotional, or sexual mistreatment of a child. Withdrawn catatonic schizophrenics appear mute and basically unresponsive. Some specific phobias are claustrophobia- fear of closed spaces, hematophobia- fear of blood, and acrophobia- fear of heights. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by persistent and uncontrollable thoughts and irrational beliefs that cause the performance of compulsive rituals that interfere with daily life. Excited catatonic schizophrenics show excessive activity, such as talking or shouting almost continuously and engage in uninhibited, agitated, and aggressive motor activity. Other forms of violence within families also create mental health problems, such as violence between intimate partners. Agoraphobia is characterized by marked fear and avoidance of being alone in a place from which escape might be difficult or embarrassing. People with this disorder exhibit avoidance and escape behaviors, show increased heart rate and irregular breathing patterns, report thoughts of disaster, severe embarrassment, or both. People in this phase are easily distracted, get angry when things don't go their way, and seem to have tons of energy. Those with this disorder feel they have to do something and their thoughts have extraordinary power to control actions.
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