Brazil was discovered in 1500 by a Portuguese navigator named Pedro Alvares Cabral. The territory was named after the dye wood trees found there. In 1822 Brazil declared its independence from Portugal. In 1890 the Emperor was overthrown and the First Republic was established. In 1930 Vargas was installed as president, at this time interventors replace governors in most states. In 1934 a new constitution is created which incorporates state regulations of wages and hours and protection of labor unions. In 1946 Vargas was forced to allow an election and not run himself. Brazil has since gone through several different presidents.
             Today Brazil is a democracy, which is a government in which people hold a final authority to rule. In this government the citizens elect people to represent them. The government is split up into 3 branches, the executive branch, the legislative branch and the judicial branch. The executive branch consists of the president and vice president, who serve as chief of state and head of government, and the cabinet. The people elect the president and vice president and the president selects the cabinet. The legislative branch is bi-cameral the names of the houses are the National Congress and the Chamber od Deputies. The National Congress consists of 81 members, 3 from each state, and the Chamber of Deputies has 513 members, all elected by proportional representation for 4 year terms. In the judicial branch their court is the Supreme Federal Tribunal.
             Before colonies came to the United States there was the Indian confederacy. In order to make laws the representative from each tribe joined together smoked a piece pipe and discussed what was best for the tribe. Before long, English settlers claimed the land from the Native Americans. In the colonial government, the king of England had representatives, called viceroys, rule for him. There were two branches, the legislative and judicial branches. The le
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