Urban Settlements And Fringes
a) An obvious way to define an urban settlement is to use its existing administrative boundaries, these are the areas defined by city, town or borough councils. The disadvantage of this method, which was used in the national census, was that the administrative boundaries were rarely changed by councils, and therefore did not reflect the rapid development of many urban settlements.There are at least three other methods of defining an urban area however. The first is defining the size of the built up area (the bricks and mortar approach).The second method is defining an urban area by the facilities and services available to the local population, known as the functional area. The functional area not only includes settlements in the built up area, but also free standing settlements outside of the built up area, settlements that have access to the facilities and services of the local urban area. The third method used to define an urban area is to use density, of either population or buildings, as an indication of urbanisation. The downside to all these methods is the fact that some arbitrary decisions as to the boundaries between towns will have to be made, because the reality is that many tow
One of the national level counter measures was introduced in 1964. An Example of this is Japan, and its capital city Tokyo, which experienced rapid migration in the years after world war 2, between 1950 and 1970. The Federal Government may be able to help them in such areas, providing financial incentives for channelling growth in desirable directions, or coordinating local, regional, and State efforts to control urban growth. These methods are seen as protective measures against urbanisation affecting the urban and rural fringes in Japan. b) Urban fringes come under attack at times of economical growth in a country. The counter measures to cope with above mentioned population migration and urbanization are categorized into three groups. A way of delaying growth is for the government to put a ban on development until public facilities are updated to reach the demand of a larger area, but of course this is only a temporary solution to curbing the growth of Americas urban areas. This has not been seen as a major threat to the rural and agricultural lands in the country, but has lead to the reduction in production of some high value and specialty crops. In the past, local governments have relied on zoning regulations and planning to manage the character and density of extended urban areas, threatening the rural fringes. In efforts to tame growth, local governments have turned to policies such as adequate public facilities and working with neighbouring communities to develop compatible growth management plans, which are specific to the local area, as opposed to using a national management development plan, which can be out of touch with what local communities require. These areas were developed for the use of heavy industries and helped ease the pressure of migration. In the US, land use planning and zoning authority has been given to local governments in all 50 states. In the USA, urban expansion took 1 million acres of land per year between 1960 and 1990. With rapid economical growth in the country, the focus on migrating to the cities became stronger, with higher incomes and a higher standard of living attracting more and more people from the poorer rural communities.
Common topics in this essay:
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Settlements Fringes,
Example Japan,
Industrial Cities,
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Tama Chiba,
Academic City,
rural fringes,
local governments,
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urban rural,
counter measures,
economical growth country,
economical growth,
facilities services,
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national level,
urban settlements,
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Acceptance Essays
