the history of jazz
Hugh Arkinson May 6, 2004 From the beat of ragtime syncopation to soaring gospel choirs mixed with call-and-response vocalizations and the moody blues, jazz has become a much-loved form of music worldwide. Since it came out of the South in the late 1890s, this indigenous American creation has impacted nearly every type of music heard in the United States today. Indeed, it is as American as apple pie. A significant relationship exists between the origins of jazz and the history of African-Americans. To entertain themselves and get through the grueling days, plantation slaves would perform music that would remind them of their African homeland. Their songs, sounds and compositions would be on the wide variety of singing, rhythms and melodies that ranged throughout the continent. As Francis Bebey notes in African Music: A People's Art, the main characteristics of the African West Coast are the metronome sense (keeping a beat in mind), the simultaneous use of several meters and the responsorial (back and forth) form of singing with overlap between leader and chorus. The central African area is distinguished by its great variety of instruments and musical styles and po
Other percussion instruments were the shakers and jingling anklets. The first line is sung twice, the third line rhymes with the first two. The jangling created an off-beat rhythm. The son of a minister, Dorsey accompanied some of the most famous blues singers of all time such as Bessie Smith and Ma Rainey. He became an icon with his improvisation, new musical vocabulary and complete boldness of his trumpet solos. The band instrumentation also defined the swing 'sound'. He also arranged and composed blues tunes. If someone is beating a measure of 1-2-3-4, he/she hits beat 3 a bit before or after its place.
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