population genetics
Evolution could be defined as being the total of genetically inherited changes in the individuals who are members of a population's gene pool. Although the effects of evolution are felt by the individual, the population is what truly evolves. Evolution merely changes the frequency of alleles in a population. The definition of evolution, as it is known today, has been shaped largely by Godfrey hardy, a British mathematician, and his contemporary, Wilhelm Weinberg, a German physician. Through experimentation and mathematic modeling, they came to the conclusion that gene pool frequencies themselves are stable, however, evolution should be expected all the time. They concluded this seeming paradox by looking at the overall effects of some evolutionary devices (O'Neal Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Model 1). Hardy and Weinberg (along with the geneticists who followed their projects) came to the understanding that evolution will not occur if seven conditions are reached by that population:2. Natural selection is not occurring3. The population is infinitely large4. All members of the gene pool are capable of breeding
However, since the discovery of insulin in 1921, the people who were diagnosed with diabetes could live on until their adulthood, and pass on this gene, which was also very likely to happen (O'Neal Natural Selection 3). It has been coined the "Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation. Hardy and Weinberg continued to develop an equation or formula that can be utilized to figure out the genotypic frequencies and track the changes from one generation to another in a population. It is a known fact that its effect on individuals depends on the phenotypes which are themselves determined by their genotypes. " It reads thus: p squared + 2pq + q squared=1 where p is the frequency of the dominant allele and q is the frequency of the recessive allele for a trait controlled by a pair of alleles (for instance A and a) (O'Neal Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Model 2). However, in contrast, it is important to remember that gene pool frequencies do not change alone. There is no migration in or out of the populationTo sum the above up, if none of the devices that cause evolution to occur are active in a population, it will not occur. The gene pool frequencies will remain untouched. Evolutionary devices such as mutation, natural selection, and non-random mating cause them to change (O'Neal Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Model 3). Either homozygote and heterzygote (AA and Aa or aa and Aa)4. Second, natural selection plays a big hand in the evolution of a species, in that it determines what is passed down to the next generation. In the case that a trait is determined by a singular gene with two alleles, there are five combinations of genotypes selectable:1. It could be defined as a tendency of the traits that best fit the environment is passed down.
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