Non-Verbal Communication
Non-verbal communication is defined as the processes of communicationwithout the use of language proper, e.g., not only body movements,gestures, and smells, but also extra-linguistic features of speech such asintonation, speed, and pause. Non-verbal communication has a tendency toprovide the context of verbal communication and is a powerful tool toeither disambiguate or invalidate the content of linguistic expressions.[1] Non-verbal communications involves the use of all senses, including thesixth sense as well as the environment and time. Types of non-verbalcommunications include appearance (occulesics), movement (kinesics), voice(vocalics or paralanguage), touch (haptics), smell (olfactics), space(spatial relationships or proxemics), territoriality, and time(chronemics).[2] During interpersonal communication, only seven percentof the message is verbally communicated; the majority ninety-three percentof the message is non-verbally transmitted. However, we are educated topay attention to words to communicate and often overlook more important non- Appearance is assessed by characteristics such as attractiveness,race, height, weight, body shape, hairstyle, dress an
Other influences on non-verbal communications aresituational factors, such as timing or size. Looking down can signal rejection and a state can meandislike. [9] A University of Alabamastudy found that a person's handshake reflects certain key personalitytraits, including confidence, degree of shyness and neuroticism. Humansstake out their territory and guard their space, and they don't expect beinvaded by strangers. [14] Finally, chronemics is the study of the use and perception of time. A hand that is held flat with thepalm outward usually means that a person doesn't know something. Inthe business world, Americans are expected to arrive to meetings on timeand, usually, even early. The study of spatial territory related tocommunication uses four categories for informal space: * the intimate distance for embracing or whispering (6-18 inches), * the personal distance for conversations among good friends (1. Whenpeople speak, they deliver not only words, but also and 'vocalparalanguage', the ways the words are expressed through tone, pitch,volume, regional and national accents, emphasis, sarcasm, emotion,truthfulness or deceit, hesitancy etc. Time use affects lifestyles, daily agendas, speed ofspeech and movements, how long people are willing to listen, etc. Women,for example smile more frequently than men do. "[11] Vocalics studies non-verbal cues found in a speakers voice. Chronemics can be used very differently with respect to individuals andeven cultures. For example, smaller people may have a feeling of jeopardy which may makethem wary of or defensive around taller people. Personal space accompanies the person wherever they go while territorialityis stationary.
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