INTRAORAL PIERCINGS COMPLICATIONS AND RISK MANAGEMENT
Ornamental body alteration, tattooing and skin piercing has played avarious human cultural traditions since antiquity. In the United States,has become another means of self-expression, and as often as not, teenageSome of the more popular anatomical piercings include the navel, septum, asthe cartilage (rather than the lobe) of the ear. Any piercing of the skin carries the risk of infection and subsequentcomplications, but perforation of oral tissues and the installation ofornamentation poses more serious consequences than other types ofalterations elsewhere on the body, despite the fact that oral trauma tendthan damage to the epidermis.(1) Tongue piercings are particularlya medical perspective, owing to the structural complexity and functionaltongue in comparison to other popular piercing sites. Despite itshealing properties from its very generous blood supply, healing time fortongue is often prolonged because the tongue is almost always in motion,
Infection is the first concern, precisely because the mouth playshost to such avariety of microbial organisms. Severalincidentshave been reported whereby cardiac infections from typical oral bacteriasuch asH. Numerous studies document the incidence of chipped teethfromcontact between metal studs and tooth enamel. ADAAGDHC (8/2003); Oral Piercing Risks. Dangerous consequences and seriousmedical (ordental) complications may still result from either post-procedure infectionor fromlong-term damage from the intraoral incorporation of a foreign object. Indeed, doctors at Yale have reported an instance of brain abscesscaused byinfection from four distinct types of bacteria commonly found in the mouthresultingfrom a cosmetic tongue piercing. (2) To some extent, the potential dangers and complications inherent inintraoralpiercing are related to the structure of the particular tissues involved,but adding tothese physiological sources of danger is the informal, entirely unregulatedsetting inwhich the procedures are typically performed. Physiological Considerations: Oral tissues feature some of the most intricate and concentratednetwork ofblood vessels, mucosa and nerves in the human body. Needless to say, body andintraoral piercingis virtually always performed without any anesthesia, since only licensedmedicalpractitioners may legally administer anesthetic agents. A review ofpertinent medicalliterature reveals incidents of complete hypotensive collapse from bloodloss aftertongue piercing and documents the inadequate warnings given to the patientaboutpotential complications from bleeding. Gum recession is another common finding among subjects wearingintraoraljewelry for the long-term.
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