Laura Fair Zanzibar
In her book, Fair describes many significant ways in which people usedress, music, and sport to challenge the inherited social order, and toredefine race, ethnicity, gender, and class. The book covers the time fromthe end of WWII back to the 1990s. During that time, Zanzibar experiencedrapid social changes in the appearance of a large number of immigrants, andthe end of slavery. The majority of the book focuses on urban Zanzibar and The political evolution of Zanzibar, in Fair's analysis, is largely astory of a change in identity issues among the people of the country. Asthe 1800's ended, people in Zanzibar were largely seen interims of oldidentities of free, well-bred Muslims (mwungwana), or non-Muslim, slave orrural (mshenzi). As the century progressed, there was a desire to be seenas Swahili in the 1910's, and there was a switch to ethnic identificationin the 1920s. Get another identity appeared as the title Shiraze becameincreasingly popular in the 1930s and 1940s. These changes in identitywere often marked by many differences in sport, music, and dress were usedto challenge (and sometimes even identify) changes to social order, and
Many of hersongs openly criticized unjust and unfair power. Through their redefinition of themselves using these cultural factors, theformer slaves ultimately changed society's perception. This spirit ofbrotherhood ultimately made the football games a brewing pot fornationalistic feelings. She further criticized the police's decision tofree a wealthy businessman after he murdered his wife in "The Police HaveStopped. Protests against government rents in the 1920s ultimately came out ofthe slaves' new freedom. The colonial government refused to supportthe tenants. Further, football became a place to air out racialand intra- Swahili rivalries. As such, Binti Saad and her band were oftena powerful force in providing alternative ways to restructure socialrelations as well as personal relationships. Colonial officers often participated in matches, allowing for anupset of the former social order. Women wore more traditional gear, and often took up the attractive,printed kanga instead of the more subdued country look of the kaniki. It became an importantarea for males to interact and gossip, providing job opportunities, meetingplaces for friends, an area to select marriage partners for children, andeven simple opportunities to interact socially with friends. Female dance groups competed against each other, oftendrawing substantial crowds. Ultimately, the government institute rentcontrol, and the protests eased. " Fair also argues that sports, especially football, were important inZanzibar, and were often used to challenge the social order. Many of theprotests were led by women.
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