Survival Pain and the Social Environment: Factors Influencing Human Violence and Motivation throughout History
The Aztec warrior. Human sacrifices. Hammurabi's Code.Gladiatorial combats in the Colosseum in Rome. World Wars I and II. Mass These are but some few examples of human displays of violencethroughout history. Humans, for one reason or other, killed people for oneor more of these three motivations: violent acts are motivated either bythe need to survive, alleviate pain, or reinforce conducts tolerated by the Notice that these motivational factors have evolved, where there is atransition from committing violence due to physiological pain to pressuresand influences in the social environment. The move from quantitativetowards qualitative outlook of human violence illustrates the increasingcomplexity of defining and determining violence in the contemporary times.In order to understand the nature of human violence in society throughouthistory, it is thus imperative to trace the origins of violence amonghumans, citing specific examples that illustrate violence committed forsurvival, alleviation of pain, and/or reiteration of the social The texts that follow discusses and analyzes the trends and changes
Inhis discussion, Fromm identifies human violence as a form of "reactive ordefense aggressiveness," where violence occurs when the individual feelsthreats and competition on humanity's "vital interests-life, territory,food, the young, or access to females. In this respect, it is evident that human violence has become increasingly'violent,' primarily because of changing perspectives in the socialdefinition of what is and what constitutes violence in the post-moderncontext. In this paper, the researcher posits that in the contemporary or presenttime, humans have become more violent and human violence became anincreasingly complex concept or idea to grasp, due to social changes inhuman society. Lastly, influence of the social environment determines the currentstate of human violence in the post-modern society. In this code of laws, deathand other forms of physical violence are considered acts necessary and justfor the implementation of social order. Ancient traditions and rituals have illustrated violence in order topreserve and obtain humanity's vital interests (enumerated in the precedingsection). Another example, World War II,is a perfect example of how crises from human development results tomealtreatment, aggression, and enhancement of violence. Thus, aggression caused by psychological pain and the adversarial natureof the social environment drove Kip Kinkel and Eric Harris and DylanKlebold, killers of the famous Thurston High killings and the Columbineshootings, respectively. Because of the seemingly subjective nature of morality, violenceresulting from vengeance has become hard to identify, define, and justify. This trend of reactive aggression due to painillustrates how there is little difference or evolution on the concept ofhuman violence between the prehistoric and ancient periods and the MiddleAges and modern human society. n the motivations and illustrations of human violence throughout history. Thus, violence caused by psychological determinants and socialenvironmental influence leads to the occurrence of violence through bothphysical and psychological injury. The ancient civilization of Aztecs resorted to violence,particularly the act of human sacrifice, where the human body is consideredas a medium in which there is a "crossing. During the prehistoric times, humans have resorted to violence as away to demonstrate aggression towards the enemy. The complexity ofhuman violence today resulted to the development not only of physicalviolence, but also of perceived psychological (emotional) violence as well.
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