The Hundred Years War
Over the years, there have been a number of military conflicts whichhelped to shape the world. It is important to examine the Hundred Years'War, its chief participants and the trade routes involved at this time inorder to gain a better understanding of its impact on history. The Hundred Years' War was the "common name given to the series ofarmed conflicts, broken by a number of truces and peace treaties that werewaged from 1337 to 1453 between the two great European powers at that time,England and France. An immediate pretext for the war was the claim of thekings of England to the French throne. The origin of the dispute lay inthe fact that successive kings of England, beginning with William theConqueror, controlled large areas of France as feudal fiefs and thus poseda threat to the French monarchy." [i] William the Conqueror was the "natural son of Robert, Duke ofNormandy. He was brought up at the court of the King of France, andsucceeded to the duchy at the age of eight. However, during his minoritythere were frequent revolts of the nobles, and his authority was not fully
"[xlix]Beginning of the End While the truce was meant to last for 30 years, in 1414 Henry V "whowas then king of England, reasserted the claim of the English monarchy tothe French throne. html[xlv] Ibid[xlvi] Ibid[xlvii] Ibid[xlviii] Ibid[xlix] Ibid[l] Ibid[li] Ibid[lii] Ibid[liii] Ibid[liv] Unknown. However,"Louis IX's main ambition was to devote his energies toward a crusade tothe Levant, and he desired to assuage the king of England with some returnof French ducal land in Guyenne . "[lvii]Final Battles There were no battles from 1436 to 1449, but in 1449 the French"attacked the English in Normandy and in Guienne, regaining Normandy in1450 and Guienne in 1451. "[x] The war was postponed when Louis VII became ill and by thetime he recovered, Louis VII "decided to call a truce and acknowledge Henryas Duke of Normandy. After a few small, bloodless skirmishes, Stephen and Henrycame to an agreement in which Henry was named successor to the throne"before the clergy and nobles of England, and in January 1154 all thenobles of England were summoned to meet at oxford where they swore fealtyto Henry, saving the honor due the King while he lived. This effectively removed any direct claims ofEnglish Plantagenet kings to the French domains associated with the French-Norman conquest of England in 1066. It remained "nasty,brutish, and short. "Charles VIalso declared his son Charles, the dauphin, to be illegitimate andrepudiated him as his heir. "[xxix]The Santonge War of 1242 The English king Henry III and a group of French nobles who wererebelling against France were "defeated by King Louis IX (Saint Louis) inthe Santonge War of 1242.
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