There are several problems that appeared at the Philadelphia
             Convention, so it is best we discuss them in the order they appear in the
             text. We need to assert from the very beginning that the Philadelphia
             Convention had the primary goal of setting the basis for the way the new
             nation would be governed in the future and of discussing how the people
             would be best represented in the legislative and executive structures.
             The first problem that had arisen before the Convention was the fact
             that the governmental structures were lacking unity and that there was
             perhaps an excessive federalization of the country. Indeed, in a federal
             states, one of the most important and troublesome problems is how strong
             should the central government be and how decentralized can it work.
             To these problems, Madison believed that a government that should not
             "become tyrannical or fall wholly under the influence of a particular
             faction"[1]. Thus, the problem of different factions influencing the
             government could be solved, in Madison's opinion, by having a large nation
             rather than a smaller republic. The explanation for this is rather simple:
             a large nation means a large number of factions and lesser control. Hence,
             a political stability that the new nation would certainly need.
             Madison's ideas came forth as the Virginia Plan, which envisaged a
             two- house legislature, with the lower house directly elected by the
             people, while the upper house being elected by the representatives from the
             lower house. However, the fact that the Congress could legislate "in all
             cases to which separate states are incompetent"[2] and proportional
             representation in the houses brought about several other problems. First
             of all, the power of the Congress was stated rather ambiguously and in many
             cases, the Congress could use the definition so as to become the sole
             authority able to judge. This would...