The Existence of Black Holes
While there are some physicists who believe that black holes do notexist, there is much data to support otherwise. In fact, much evidenceseems to support the existence of black holes. For example, NASA's HubbleTelescope and the Chandra X-ray Observatory seem to have discovered "directevidence' (NASA 2001) of one characteristic of a black hole. Thischaracteristic is the area that surrounds black holes, which emits verylittle energy. Michael Garcia states, "By detecting very little energyfrom these black hole candidates, we have new proof that event horizonsexist" (NASA). Furthermore, astronomers have also detected sound wavescoming from what they believe to be a black home in the Perseus galaxycluster. (Discovery 2003) Astronomers have long known that gravity inblack holes pulls matter toward them, with matter accelerating the closer
Angelo Loinger also supports the theory that black holes donot exist, calling upon the work of Karl Schwarzschild as the basis of hisargument. Abhas Mitraalso claims that he can disprove the theory of black holes as well. Because we cannot placeourselves inside a black hole, we do not know where time stops as an objectapproaches a black hole. (Loinger) While some chose to believe that black holes do notexist, the evidence seems to support the fact that they do exist. Additionally, this group of individuals claimthat "there must be some comprehensive theory (quantum gravity) thatdescribes gravity at the quantum level, yet orthodox GR theory seems to beincompatible with standard quantum mechanics" (Cramer). Meanwhile, John Cramer explains that this theory grounds itself in thefact that with standard general relativity, "gravity is considered to be'geometrical', to be a consequence of the curvature of space produced bynearby mass-energy" (Cramer). Those who support this theory also maintain thatanother problem with the general relativity theory concerning black holesdeals with "space-time 'singularities'" (Cramer). 496) Bystudying mass, velocity, and X-rays around the star HDE 226868, astronomersbelieve black holes do exist. Partof his theory involves demonstrating that the "formation of 'trappedsurface' which traps light is actually not allowed by Albert Einstein'sgeneralized collapse equation as the local speed of the collapsing fluid'does not exceed the speed of light'" (Cramer 2002). Calculations also show that gas surroundingblack holes will become hotter. Another case supporting the existence ofblack holes is the discovery of "mid-mass black holes" (Beasley 2001) inthe galaxy NGC 253. In short, because "Because gravitationalenergy does not produce curvature, it does not respect local energyconservation" (Cramer).
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Acceptance Essays
