Martin Luther's Life
Martin Luther is responsible for the birth of the ProtestantReformation with the publication of his Ninety-Five Theses on October 31,1517 in which he attacked the Church's sale of indulgences (Martin pp).Luther advocated a theology that rested on God's gracious activity in JesusChrist, rather than in human works (Martin pp). The majority of allProtestants trace their history beck to Martin Luther in one way or another "Who would ever have divined that I would become a bachelor and then a master of arts, then lay aside my brown student's cap and leave it to others in order to become a monk, thereby of course earning for myself much shame so that my father was bitterly displeased; and that despite all I would get into the pope's hair - and he in turn in mine - and take a runaway nun for my wife' Who would have predicted this for me" (Peevers Pp)' Martin Luther was born on November 10, 1483 in Eisleben in the HolyRoman Empire, in what is today eastern Germany (Martin pp). After hisbirth, his peasant parents, Hans and Magarete, moved to Manfeld where his
This is illustrated byLuther's small, yet significant alteration of Augustinian anthropology,which states that human beings are 'partly good and just, and partly badand sinner' (Martin pp). Another fundamental aspect of Luther's theology concerns hisunderstanding of God. All of life was grounded in the mind of God,and in the hierarchy of Being that establishes justice, the church wasunderstood as the connection between the secular and the divine, however,as the crises of the late middle ages increased, this reassurance no longassuaged (Martin pp). The Age of Enlightenment embraced his views of separation of state andchurch, as evident in the French Revolution as well as the AmericanRevolution. During the Diet of Worms, Luther refused to recant his position (Martinpp). Beginning in 1533 and until his death in Eisleben onFebruary 18, 1546, Luther served as the Dean of the theology faculty atWittenberg (Martin pp). Philosophy and reason are a great aid to individuals and society ifproperly understood and used, and likewise, revelation and the gospel whenused properly are an aid to society (Martin pp). Due tohumanity's fallen condition, humans can neither understand the redemptiveword nor can one see God face to face (Martin pp). Luther rejected indulgences because to him they epitomized everythingthat was wrong with the church, because rather than being dependent uponGod, they placed salvation in the hands of traveling salesmen (Martin pp). Therefore, revelation is found in the suffering of Christ rather thanin moral activity or created order, and is addressed to faith (Martin pp). RegardingGod's absolute power, God can do anything, He can make a lie the truth, Hecan make adultery a virtue, the only limit to this power is consistency,for God cannot contradict his own essence (Martin pp). Hisalternative characterization of Christian anthropology was 'at oncerighteous and sinful' and spoke of two ways, 'righteousness before God' and'before man' (Martin pp). Rather than the world being grounded in someartificial, unknowable, ladder of Being, one should rely on God'sfaithfulness, for all are contingent upon God alone (Martin pp). Thefollowing year, he transferred to a monastery in Wittenberg, where afterreceiving his doctor of theology degree, he became a professor of biblicaltheology at the newly founded University of Wittenberg (Martin pp). Martin Luther has influenced centuries of philosophy and theology.
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Acceptance Essays
