Terrorism in Peru
Peru has been plagued by terrorist groups for decades. Recent crackdowns under the leadership of President Alberto Fujimori reduced terror-related incidents and decreased the efficacy of previously prominent groups including the Shining Path and the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement: two of the most notorious and powerful Peruvian terrorist organizations. However, a 2002 car bomb near the United States embassy in the Peruvian capital has reignited fears of terrorist uprisings in the nation. Neither Shining Path nor Tupac Amaru has any known ties to al-Qaeda and their efforts and casualties remain primarily isolated to the nation of Peru. Moreover, Shining Path and Tupac Amaru remain ideologically opposed: the former is formed on Maoist communist principles whereas the latter retains ties to Cuban-style Marxist communism. Support for the terrorist organizations is weak within Peru, but their communist ideology appeals to many impoverished peasant farmers in rural regions of the nation. One potential reason for the minimal but continual support for terrorist groups in Peru is their control of the drug trade; some of Peru's farmers have profited from cooperation with black market interests. The staunch political and ideological diff
Together, the two groups have been responsible for tens of thousands of deaths and billions of dollars of property damages in Peru ("Terrorism"). Most staunch followers of either group happen to be of indigenous ethnic origin because of the connection between poverty and ethnicity in Peru. Fujimori's heavy-handed policies drew scorn from domestic and international human rights groups such as Amnesty International. In fact, Peru remains one of the most impoverished South American nations (US Department of Homeland Security: "Peru. However, the end of the war would mean a clamp-down on civil rights in light of the heavy-handed policies of elected President Fujimori. Their lack of theory is coupled with a dictatorial, terrorist-militarist praxis, which in many cases is directed at the people itself. " Because of their shared ideologies, Cuba had for a time supported the efforts of Tupac Amaru (CFR: "Shing Path, Tupac Amaru"). Former college professor Abimael Guzman formed Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) the 1960s as an extreme left-wing organization that for decades fomented a peasant uprising by relying on guerilla tactics: "Shining Path often hacked its victims to death with machetes," (CFR: "Shining Path, Tupac Amaru"). Yet the Shining Path and Tupac Amaru differ significantly in their goals, their histories, and their central ideologies. Once Fujimori was removed from power, a reestablished justice system enabled more than 1000 convicted terrorists, mostly Shining Path members and including Abimael Guzman, to request fair trials (CFR: "Shining Path, Tupac Amaru"). In general, Tupac Amaru favors a Marxist-style system of socialist governance whereas Shining Path promotes a statist society along the lines of the Maoist Revolution in China. At the same time Fujimori's policy successfully stemmed the spread of terrorism and muted further terrorist attacks throughout the 1990s and until the 2002 bomb. His aggressive anti-terrorist campaign pushed the Shining Path and the MRTA further underground, into Peru's most isolated jungle regions.
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Acceptance Essays
