Jean Paul Sartre was a French Philosopher: Existentialism
Jean Paul Sartre was a French philosopher who helped construct a philosophy of existence called existentialism. Existentialism states that individual freedom is subjective and that man cannot go beyond human subjectivity (Kaufman 1989).But when man chooses, he also chooses for others, that is, universally. There is an "ought" in every free action, whereby one's choice for himself applies to every other man in the universe. This "ought" establishes that what is better for one should be better for all: every act is a commitment on behalf of mankind. He perceives man as unable to escape from that sense of complete and profound responsibility for himself and the world-at-large. A sense of abandonment in existentialism develops from the necessity that certain values must be taken seriously. This condition leads to a consequent sense of being left alone and without excuse, of being "condemned to be free." Although man did not create himself, he is nevertheless in a state of freedom that goads him to choose and to act. He cannot take refuge in the power of passion and passivity. He is responsible for his passion and passivity themselves. He is "condemned" to act freely in every given moment. He cannot use feeling as shield, either, for e
The door finally opens, symbolizing escape, yet Garcin does not escape through it. As a consequence of his experiences of defeat and suffering during the War, Sartre began to question existence itself, with strict reference to the War (Goodwin). Sartre's hell in "No Exit" translates into his characters' need of one another to create an illusion of himself (1960). It confronts man with a possibility of choice. He saw that man, therefore, refuses to accept responsibility for his own behavior, especially towards his failures. In the play, Garcin becomes unable to escape through the open door because he refuses to acknowledge and handle the responsibility of confronting his decision to desert his country at war. Both Kierkegaard and Heidegger influenced Sartre's interpretation of existentialism (Kaufman). Confronting their failure to respond to the inner responsibility to be free, he perceives life as absurd and hell as "other people (Sartre). The line of thinking dates back to Biblical times (Kaufman 1989). "No Exit" describes the eternal punishment of three characters, Garcin, Ynez and Estelle, and their physical and mental torments, together and individually (Sartre 1960). Inez finally admits seducing her cousin's wife and being a lesbian. Man possesses himself with the responsibility for his existence squarely borne on his shoulders. But their admissions do not release them from their communal hell. He added that existentialism alone, in fact, was compatible with the dignity of man. Even choices by instinct proceed from hard choices he must make (Kaufman).
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