Nils Gilman: Theories That Defined Modernism
In his book Nils Gilman speaks about the many theories that defined modernism and modernization during the twentieth century. Those theories refer mainly to the American pint of view and their concept of situations, compared to other countries that were, at that time, less developed.The theory of modernism and modernity states that modernity must oppose the traditional way. In this concept modern equals democracy, scientific development, technological improvement, economically stability and clear independent sovereignty. Progress is about the rational advances of scientific and technologic knowledge. As they are linked to each other the economic advance demands an economy based on technological progress. The modernity of technology should lead to improve the economy level of a country. Along with modernization comes the preoccupation to level the differences between the social classes, financially as well as socially speaking, giving equal rights to those that were usually in disadvantage. Making science and knowledge accessible to everybody and creating democratic institutions that would bring the citizens and the government closer and in better cooperation with each other, should help improve human rights and the way each indi
But as they had to go through a process of rebuilding the nation, radical changes of direction and ideologies that might be considered as a new beginning. The contrast between traditional and modern makes a pattern to follow when we speak of development. As the mass production grows new items are introduced to the market and into the daily life, making society more consumes. It was necessary the foundation of a Department of Social Relations. Americans were originally open for changes as their entire society was based on the building of something new, while in the East this attitude was new concept for them. The contemporary scholars seem to agree that these two elements do not necessarily contradict each other. The evolution and modernization went very fast in America, while it kept a rather symmetrical rhythm in Europe. Asia, Africa and Latin America are considered traditional regions and taken as examples in those theories. There was an attempt to reduce the competitive devaluations, disciplinary trade barriers and selectivity of states from the economic system that characterized the 1930s. Makes the switch of economy from agricultural to industrial. There is balance between modernization and tradition. Comparative politics faced the problems of the consequences of industrialization on underdeveloped areas. The idea that modernization basically means to imitate the English-American ways became a rather limited point of view. Although they still have a strong agricultural social organization, their economy based on oil had to improve the industrial development in order to take advantage of their resources and grow in the international market. The exploitation of the environment and increase of protectionist movements that concern for the resources.
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