Y. Lincoln and E. Guba's Naturalistic Inquiry and Policy Making
According to Y. Lincoln and E. Guba's Naturalistic Inquiry (1985), the post-positivist view of policy making construes the leader of an organization primarily as a facilitator, in contrast to the positivist view of a leader as a problem solver and director who uses his or her hierarchical authority. In the post-positivist view, even simply researching data requires the credibility of supposedly objectively verified facts to be established by analyzing "multiple realities, rather than assuming a single truth exists (Lincoln & Guba, 1985, p.296). Post-positivism thus focuses on a particular situation, rather than setting general principles of ethics for all persons to follow. Thus, at the outset, it would seem that the post-positive perspective would be ideal leadership approach for the currently divided United Nations. The United Nations is an inclusive body, and counts amongst its membership nation-states historically in conflict with one another. The new multi-polar, multicultural worldview now embraced even in the West underlines the fact that there is not a singular truth or standard of validity, rather all persons and thus all nations deserve a voice. The post-positivist view also strives to validate cultural schemas from t
Truth can be anecdotal, rather than purely based in numbers. For example, the UN Security Council (UNSC) has five permanent seats. For positive intentions to become effectual actions, the member states of the United Nations must forge a better working relationship led by a post-positivist paradigm of leadership, but this does not mean ignoring the clear, positivist moral purpose of the UN to defend human rights. It was hoped that through the creation of a truly inclusive organization designed to promote human rights, a global organization could minimize the chances of such a conflagration from occurring again. While these five countries may engage in more dialogue and have more consensus than in the past relating to issues of common concern such as fighting terrorism, weapon proliferation in the developing world, and the national strife of the Middle East, the leadership of United Nations is hardly a platform for all nations on an equal level. he Middle East and Asia that do not always fit within the Western methodology of fact-finding. Unfortunately, this has not been the case regarding genocide that occurs within the borders of a nation-state. Ban's post-positivist view that deemphasizes any one leader or nation is likely more effective in terms of its policy approach to address many basic human issues, such as famine and HIV/AIDS, which require international cooperation. agenda, must not become relativistic to the point of eschewing the moral purpose of the United Nations. Furthermore, the continued and unquestioned dominance of militarily and economically powerful world actors at the expense of other world actors calls into question the ability of post-positivism in general to formulate a cogent model of leadership for the UN. This does not mean if his predecessor's work is any indication, however, that he will necessarily be able to create a more pluralistic forum within the context of United Nations in terms of how power is balanced amongst its leaders, although he states he will strive to do so. But tolerance and an acknowledgment of multiple perspectives does not mean that every nation has an equally valid ethical perspective, as indicated in the current situation in Darfur, and during the conflict in Yugoslavia in the 1990s, another situation when the organization stood on the sidelines. It arose in response to the genocide of World War II, and to the militarism that spawned this historical circumstance. Besides the power of the UNSC, certain factions have often been able to dominate the decision-making of the UN General Assembly, no matter how post-positivist the orientation of some of its leaders, as infamously embodied in the biased UN Resolution 3379 equating Zionism and thus the existence of Israel as racism.
Common topics in this essay:
United Nations,
Rwanda Darfur,
Kingdom United,
Nations Ban's,
Naturalistic Inquiry,
Security Counsel,
War II,
Lincoln Guba,
UN Resolution,
East Asia,
united nations,
post-positivist view,
militarily economically powerful,
militarily economically,
human rights,
secretary ban,
economically powerful,
ban ki-moon,
security counsel,
world actors,
moral purpose,
|
Acceptance Essays
