The Cultural Revolution in China
The Cultural Revolution that took place in China can be considered to be one of the most important experiences of the 20th century. It represented the result of a series of contextual events that marked the emergence of the phenomenon, and in its turn, it influenced the future evolution of events, to this day. In order to proper understand the complexity of the issue, it is important to analyze the event from a historical perspective. At the same time however, although the approach is chronological, there are essential issues that must be stressed out. Therefore, the events that took place in the late 1960s and the first half of the 1970s had important internal and external causes that should be pointed out for a comprehensive perception of the historical context. Next, the logical evolution of the paper focuses on the actual manifestations of what became known as the "Great Cultural Revolution". Finally, aiming to offer a complex image of the entire political, economic, social and cultural of this phenomenon, the focus is on the actual effects of the revolution on all walks of life. As a conclusion, it is important to point out the necessity of an overview from multiple perspectives. The historical context of the revolution h
On the one hand, it influenced the industrial profile of the economy. It is seen by most specialists as the expression of an ideological confrontation, between the democratic countries of the West, and the Communist countries of the East. Indeed, the main idea behind the term of revolution is, as Esherick pointed out, "as a historical metaphor (. From this perspective, the cultural aspect of the movement was essential for the creation of a common perception against the western values and promoted national ones, in response to the spreading of democratic values. Most Marxist historiography (which has been so important in shaping our understanding of revolutionary processes) has taken France as the original model for revolution and seen revolution as bringing liberation from the oppressive constraints of the old regime. This response followed the failure of the Nationalists to build up a unified party and a reintegrated polity soon enough to withstand the disruptive effects of the Sino-Japanese War. "9 Thus, Mao's attempt was to subject the entire political elite in order to insure for himself a better control of the opposing forces, a practice that was often used in the USSR. The first level at which the revolution took place was the political one. The aim was to reduce any possibility for a counteroffensive from those that did not share the totalitarian practices of the regime. The existence of a central authority that constantly undermined the activities of regional and local police forces created a disruption in the chain of command and induced a sense of confusion throughout the system; at the same time, the Red Guard, through its actions, defied the legal framework, a practice that institutionalized breaking the law, which eventually led to a subversion of the legality in general and of the legitimacy of the regime in particular. The Chinese communists themselves build on this implied meaning by calling their revolution Liberation. Thus, it was only natural for frictions between China and its neighbors to be a constant reality during that time. 5The manifestations of this Cultural Revolution had different levels of perception. The general policy limited the study of western cultural values, and thus the population, in its integrity, but most important, the youth, was isolated from any contact with universal literature or culture.
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