Early Civilizations
Prehistoric: The prehistoric period is used to describe the period preceding written history. The people living during this period of time were known as being from the stone age because this is when stone was used for tools. For example, flint was chipped and shaped into tools and weapons. Also during this time, wood, bone, shell and other materials were used, along with making pottery out of clay. Later, as humans advanced into the copper, bronze and iron ages, new metal technologies allowed for further technological developments. Both species of homo sapiens, the Neanderthals (who died out) and the homo sapiens (who evolved into modern day humans) used a crude form of language for communication and began to express themselves through cave art and carvings. They lived in simple wooden huts and were nomadic hunters and gatherers. Mesopotamian: This culture lived in the region of modern day Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran. It is widely accepted that this was one of the first literate societies, capable of using a complex system of writing. It is also during this period
Other characteristics of this period are the development of religious beliefs, music and songs, the family as the central social unit, an economic system and the wide-spread use of agriculture. Hellenistic: This civilization is an expansion of Greek civilization, most noted for its colonization over non-Greek lands in Asia and Africa. It is during this specific time period that the fundamental values and institutions became fully developed, including the government system of democracy and much of its still widely read literary tradition. Judaic: This religious based civilization is best characterized by its unique set of religious beliefs, which differed from other civilizations in its use of only one god. During this civilization, book production and libraries increased, along with the development of higher education, philosophy and rhetoric. Other cultural characterizations include the use of domestic furniture, art, complex architecture, a public works system, (including streets and sidewalks) and the use of a written system. Ancient Greece: Ancient Greece is the period of time that laid the foundation for modern Western civilization. Because this civilization was largely based on the various Greek islands, the use of commerce was an important invention. Roman: Roman civilization is best characterized by the use of an autocratic form of government and the widespread use of war, both in terms of internal and external conflicts. Byzantium: This is a civilization focused in a specific Greek City that eventually evolved into Constantinople and later to modern day Istanbul. The Roman civilization is noted for taking and expanding from many Greek cultural contributions, especially in the arts, religion and architecture. Islamic: Islamic culture developed out of Judaism and is most noted for its conflicts with Christianity during the Middle Ages. Early Christianity: The early Christian civilization is an off-shoot of Judaic civilization, and is characterized by its development of a new religion and the additional text of the New Testament. Its culture is also associated with the use of mythology.
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Acceptance Essays
