CVA - Cerebral Vascular Accident
A cerebral vascular accident (CVA), or commonly known as a stroke, impact approximately 500,000 individuals in the United States each year. According to the Encyclopedia of Aging (Scherer, 1982), a stroke occurs with a neurologic deficit from a disruption of vascular function. This may be the result of a partial or total blockage of blood vessels to the brain by a hemorrhage or blood clot. In the U.S.,50 percent of those suffering their first stroke are 70 or older; most are males.The most at risk for a stroke are those individuals with transient or mild neurologic events, a cardiac disease that predisposes them to embolism, and asymptomatic with a carotid bruit that indicates a blockage. Those who have experienced transient ischemic attacks, or indications of cerebrovascular disease, also have a high risk for stroke. Strokes caused by an embolism occur suddenly. There usually is not a loss in consciousness, but an alteration in the state of consciousness. Some neurologic symptoms such as paralysis of one side of body, inability to speak, or loss of side vision of both eyes may also occur. Strokes from a hemorrhage may occur suddenly or progress slowly. Normally it is caused by an aneurysm that bursts or a congenital malfor
However, the authors note that the stroke PROTECT program was designed to be easily adaptable to a variety of healthcare systems. The study found that PROTECT was an effective means of maintaining high adherence to evidence-based secondary stroke prevention strategies in high-risk individuals within 90 days of hospital discharge. It is also likely that postdischarge reinforcement through PROTECT's telephone calls at 2 to 3 weeks after discharge, and the 6-week lipid panel check, contributed to increased adherence of program goals. Results also showed that knowledge of stroke risk factors was significantly associated with age, sex, race, education, and history of hypertension: Individuals who were female, Caucasian, highly educated, or younger than 75 years or with a history of hypertension had increased knowledge of stroke risk factors. The data indicate that the slide/audio program was effective in increasing knowledge of stroke risk factors, warning signs, and necessary action in subjects of varying ages, races, and education. The slide show demonstrated that knowledge about strokes increased with education, but still unknown is if that education had an impact on behavior of preventative measures or going to the hospital earlier. The results found that of 163 respondents, 39 percent did not know a single sign or symptom of stroke. Information in the PROTECT program, positive results with education, was not the same as Williams' findings that individuals knew they were having a stroke but did not go to the hospital. According to the authors (Ovbiagele et. However, people with the greatest risk for stroke--those more than 75 years of age--were the least knowledgeable about stroke warning signs and risk factors. Despite this, however, little is known about how urgently patients must be seen for these clinics to be effective. What type of education will be most effective in helping stroke victims reduce their risk of a first or repeated attack? Stern et. The authors concluded that primary care physicians need to expand patient education about strokes, especially for persons with increased risk.
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