Italian Fascism and German Nazism
Fascism and Nazism are often conflated or seen as one and the same thing by modern commentators. However, while there are similarities between these two ideologies as they are based on similar perceptions of social reality, there are also important differences that need to be considered. In order to understand these two movements, their similarities and differences, one has to understand that both emerged as a reaction to certain social and political factors in history. Fascism arose in the early part of the Twentieth Century in Europe. (Fascism and its Political Ideas) The rise of this ideology was in essence a reaction to many events and changes in Europe at the time - which included the rise of socialism and communism. "It was a response to the rapid social upheaval, the devastation of World War I, and the Bolshevik Revolution."(Fascism and its Political Ideas) These were also factors that were instrumental in the rise of German National Socialism or Nazism in Germany. Therefore, in the first instance, both Italian Fascism and German Nazi ideology had similar roots in a response to forces and events in history. Fascism is essentially a system of thought or ideology that believes in a dictatorial way of governanc
However, the characteristics and the way that that fascist principles were implemented differed in each case due to the different ways in which historical variables impacted and affected each country. " (Fascism, Holocaust and the Second World War) Furthermore, "Counter-fascist forces were stronger than in Germany. A second factor was the German hatred of and persecution of the Jews, who were used as a scapegoat for the problems that German experienced after the First World War. " (Nazi Fascism and the Modern Totalitarian State) An important difference between these two ideologies is their attitude to the concept of individualism. " (Fascism: A Dictionary of Sociology)While strict authoritarian dictatorship and right-wing policies and control characterized both the Italian and German forms of fascism, there were also some very significant differences. A general description of fascism serves to clarify these similarities clear. Both of these ideologies are also very authoritarian and militaristic. Furthermore, "Nazism also provided for extreme nationalism which called for the unification of all German-speaking peoples into a single empire. On the other hand, in Mussolini's Italy, the type of fascism that developed was initially determined by the emphasis on loyalty and veneration of the state. e and an integration of all the institutions in society under a central ideological head. " (Fascism, Holocaust and the Second World War) In conclusion, the fundamental tents of authoritarianism and dictatorial fascism are evident in both the German Nazi and Italian experiences.
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