Employment - Causes & Effects
In modern society, individuals no longer cultivate their own food or produce the goods that they need. Instead, most people work in a specific industry to earn the money necessary to purchase the mass-produced products and services that they need. Therefore, the principal "cause of" or need for employment is the need to generate income in a sophisticated barter system where monetary currency is exchanged for goods The Primary Benefit of Employment in Modern Society: Consequently, the most obvious "effect" or benefit of employment is the relative financial enrichment of the individual. Prior to modern economically-driven societies, individuals used to hunt, scavenge, or cultivate their own food and also build their own homes by themselves. As a result, the average family spent much more time and effort providing for all of its basic needs before the 20th century than the average working adult heads of families devote to the amount of work necessary to earn enough money to support their families today. By working approximately 40 hours per week, the average person can earn enough money to afford to purchase many more goods
The Small-Scale Social Benefits of Employment: Even where the desire for social approval is not necessarily foremost on the mind of the individual in terms of career choices and the principal motivation for working, employment very often fulfills other social needs as well. The Self-Esteem Benefit of Employment: Another specific benefit of employment is the positive effect that employment has on the self-esteem of the individual. Sometimes, the desire for this type of social approval and community respect actually becomes one of the principal motivations for pursuing certain specific careers, such as in medicine or in the entertainment industries (Gerrig & Zimbardo, 2005). In that regard, the positive effect of working generally has no basis in the practical effect on the individual of success at work. Specifically, the mere fact that coworkers regularly spend such a large amount of time together provides the opportunity to form social relationships in the work environment. and services than he could ever provide for himself directly. without sales or other commissions or performance-based bonuses) is not affected personally by the relative success of the employer (Daft, 2005). The fact that many people continue to work after retirement from their primary occupation and the fact that many people continue to work even after accumulating enough money for all of their future needs are both consistent with that suggestion. Typical examples would include many industries such as law enforcement, military, and heavy construction industries that require mutual reliance on coworkers for safety in life and death circumstances tend to generate very high measures of social bonds among coworkers (Daft, 2005). Employment is often a component of the individual's sense of purpose, self-esteem, community respect, and social relationships, all of which result, to some degree, directly from employment. Instead of producing all of the goods and services that each individual requires directly, individuals generally must earn monetary currency which represents purchasing power. The Purpose-of-Life Benefit of Employment: Despite the fact that employment is a necessary obligation for most people for practical reasons, it also fulfills various psychological needs such as the feeling that one has a purpose in life. In that respect, the need to feel that life has a purpose is another reason that employment is beneficial to the individual and one of the results of employment is increased self-fulfillment and general satisfaction in life (Gerrig & Zimbardo, 2005). However, the everyday consequences of good performance at work, such as expressions of appreciation of supervisors or the admiration of coworkers, often provides substantial indirect benefits tot the individual of employment, especially in the case of a high-performing employee (Russell-Whalling, 2008).
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