Management - the planning, organizing, leading, and controlling of human and other resources to achieve organizational goals efficiently and effectively (Jones & George, 2011).
             Managers work in every type of organization. They are the ones who supervise the organizations human and other resources to achieve a common goal. All management positions are designed to perform four primary functions when dealing with organizational resources. These four managerial functions are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. No matter how large or small the organization is, how well a manager can perform these four tasks will determine how efficient and effective that organization will be. A manager should also possess certain traits that will help them accomplish their day to day responsibilities within the organization. The three most important traits for a manager to possess are good decision making abilities, leadership skills, and to be an effective communicator.
             Within each organization their lies an organizational structure and a managerial hierarchy. The hierarchy consists of first-line, middle, and top managers. Managers at the top of an organization tend to focus more on planning and organizing because they are responsible for making major decisions that impact the long term success of the company. Where as first line and middle managers spend a lot of their time leading and controlling because they are responsible for overseeing all of the company's resources, for example interacting with employees, and for managing all of the organizations inputs and outputs. One of the main objectives for any manager working for a company is to help that organization build a competitive advantage. A competitive advantage is the ability of one organization to outperform the other organization because it produces desired goods or services more efficiently and effectively than its competitors. The four components to buildin...