I have been teaching in lower primary school classroom for 7 years. I
             have notice that every year, teaching our children gets harder and harder.
             Besides that, the education system has made many changes and now Brunei
             advocate a new education known as Sistem Pendidikan Negara Abad ke-21 (SPN
             21). By these changes, teachers have to follow and find the suitable
             teaching approach to meet the children needs in learning. Many children are
             unable to concentrate, to make active mental effort to learn or to regulate
             their emotion and social reaction to others (Carol, 2000). This makes
             teaching and learning more difficult.
             I learnt a lot, after attending lectures and reading few facts about
             Vygotsky's theory of development. However, the more I read, the more there
             is to understand about people views. I think Vygotsky's theory is the most
             representative to my own beliefs about young children's development. In his
             theory, he explained the important application to education is in his
             concept of a zone of proximal development (ZPD). According to McLeod (2010)
             that the ZPD has been as "the distance between the actual developmental
             level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of
             potential development as determined through problem solving under adult
             guidance, or in collaboration with more capable peers" (He referred to
             Vygotsky, 1978, p86). This concept is important because teachers can use
             it as a guide to a child's development. It allows a teacher to know what a
             student is able to achieve through the use of a mediator. (Michele Galant)
             What I understand, ZPD is where a teacher gives support and guide the
             children especially during learning new things or difficult stuffs in order
             to make it easier for them. By giving the support to the children, next
             time when the children want to solve a problem, the...