Workplace behaviour
The essay begins with a discussion on the integrated sociological-psychological frameworks. Sociological frameworks include that of Marx, Weber and Durkheim and will be followed by how their theories assist in the understanding of workplace behaviour. In addition to this, psychological frameworks will also be discussed. Psychological frameworks include Psychoanalysis (Freud), Behaviourism (Skinner), Need theory (Maslow) and Phenomenological approach (Rogers). As an extension to this, sociology and psychology are initially defined, followed by an investigation into how the integrated sociological-psychological frameworks assists in analysis and understanding of workplace behaviour using sociological and psychological concepts. The three founders of sociology of work will continue to have modern views. For Marx, class conflict, capitalism and social fragmentation. Weber developed his theory of rationality and bureaucracy, lastly Durkheim focused on social solidarity, integration and control. Furthermore, work psychology can be divided into several categories, which highlight different areas of human psychological functioning. These are psychoanalytic, behavioural and trait. It is made evident that both integrated soc
Thus phenomenology places high significance and value on the sense making and integrity of individuals. An example of humanism is provided by Carl Rogers. To support this, various literatures on sociological and physiological frameworks will also be drawn upon to illustrate their significance and influence upon the work environment. Moreover, phenomenology concentrates on how people experience the world around them. This has been followed by a detailed investigation and discussion into how these theories has credited to workplace behaviour. This in turn gives people an opportunity to develop a further understanding of the concepts associated with workplace behaviour. For example a person's wage may be used as the stimulus to trigger a response for an employee to work harder. The "passion for bureaucracy", he writes, "is enough to drive one to despair". The phenomenological theory is often called humanism. In addition, Maslow's theory holds that there is a hierarchically structured category of needs where the basic physical requirements are at the bottom and self-actualisation is at the top. Arnold, Cooper and Robertson further highlight that 'the psychoanalytic approach places high emphasis on the unconscious psychological conflicts which can reduce personal effectiveness at work"(1998, p. Thus, helps people to understand human behaviour in a workplace environment. 28) In a speech given in 1909, Weber lamented the dominance of "these little cogs", whose one preoccupation in life is becoming a bigger cog. Rogers states that in order to achieve and fulfil our potential, we must be open to our experiences.
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